Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36909790›Full record

ReviewJournal of general and family medicine2023

Sample size determination: A practical guide for health researchers.

Alaa Althubaiti

Registry-linked trialFull text readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of general and family medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07733479 (Examining the Effects of ARCS-Based Education on Cardiovascular System Physical Examination Skills, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy Levels in Nursing Students), which is not on this map. Cited by 180 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
180citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07733479 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Examining the Effects of ARCS-Based Education on Cardiovascular System Physical Examination Skills, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy Levels in Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Experimental Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorCumhuriyet UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled100ConditionsAssessment of Physical Examination Skills for the Cardiovascular System, Determining Levels of Academic Self-Efficacy, Determining Motivation Levels, Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the ARCS InterventionArmsARCS Model Education, Structured Supplementary Training Based on the ARCS Motivation Model
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

180 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  12. Gaps and Controversies in Feline Food Palatability.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Review
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  16. Prevalence and associated risk factors of uterine fibroids in the Kingdom of Eswatini.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2026
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120 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Alaa AlthubaitiCollege of Medicine King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Jeddah Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-1703

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although sample size calculations play an essential role in health research, published research often fails to report sample size selection. This study aims to explain the importance of sample size calculation and to provide considerations for determining sample size in a simplified manner. Approaches to sample size calculation according to study design are presented with examples in health research. For sample size estimation, researchers need to (1) provide information regarding the statistical analysis to be applied, (2) determine acceptable precision levels, (3) decide on study power, (4) specify the confidence level, and (5) determine the magnitude of practical significance differences (effect size). Most importantly, research team members need to engage in an open and realistic dialog on the appropriateness of the calculated sample size for the research question(s), available data records, research timeline, and cost. This study aims to further inform researchers and health practitioners interested in quantitative research, so as to improve their knowledge of sample size calculation.

Indexed as

effect sizepowerregression analysissample sizestudy design

Identifiers

PMID36909790
PMCPMC10000262

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read15
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.