ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2023
Contribution and effectiveness of ski and pole forces in selected roller skiing techniques on treadmill at moderate inclines.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Agreement between muscle saturation breakpoints and lactate thresholds: Muscles comparison and sex difference in world-class Nordic skiers.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Subalpine training at 1,200 m altitude for 8 weeks: impact on aerobic and anaerobic capacity, cardiac function, and hemodynamics in male paralympic biathletes.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Diagonal Stride Technique during Roller Skiing and On-Snow Skiing in Youth Cross-Country Skiers.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Most of the studies about the effects of incline on cross-country skiing are related to the metabolic efficiency. The effective skiing biomechanics has also been indicated to be among the key factors that may promote good performance. The aims of this study were to provide biomechanical characteristics and investigate the relative contribution and effectiveness of ski and pole forces in overcoming the total external resistance with double poling (DP) and Gear 3 (G3) techniques at varying moderate uphill inclines. Methods: 10 male cross-country skiers participated in this study. Custom-made force measurement bindings, pole force sensors, and an 8-camera Vicon system were used to collect force data and ski and pole kinematics at 3°, 4° and 5° with 10 km/h skiing speed. Results: The cycle length (CL) decreased by 10% and 7% with DP and G3 technique from 3° to 5° ( Conclusion: The higher power output in overcoming the total resistance was required to ski at a greater incline. With DP technique, the upper body demands, and technical effectiveness were increasing with incline. With G3 technique, the role of external pole work for propulsion is crucial over different terrains while role of legs may stay more in supporting the body against gravity and repositioning body segments.
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