ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2023
The complex nature of heterogeneity and its roles in breast cancer biology and therapeutic responsiveness.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Artificial intelligence-assisted PET imaging for predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Pooled it
- Population-Associated Molecular Variation in Histologically Normal Breast Tissue Is Associated with Distinct Baseline Transcriptional States.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Focused ultrasound thermal ablation and CD40 agonism reprograms breast tumor immunity to drive regression and memory.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Regulation of PSAT1 and PHGDH by m6A in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2026Article
- Toward More Translational Tumor Models: Breast dECM-Based 3D Systems Capture Native Microenvironmental Cues.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Programmed cell death and metastatic evolution in breast cancer: the role of anoikis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Metabolic Fingerprinting of Urine Reveals Metabolite Changes in Women With Breast Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- The neuroimmune axis in breast cancer: from mechanistic insights to clinical applications.BMC medicine · 2026Review
- Focused Ultrasound Thermal Ablation and CD40 Agonism Reprograms Breast Tumor Immunity to Drive Regression and Memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic evaluation of paclitaxel co-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with imatinib, protamine-imatinib, and gefitinib: comparative in vitro studies in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and in vivo investigations in rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Multi-Level Profiling of MAPK-Associated Genes and MicroRNAs Uncovers Regulatory Networks in Breast Cancer Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The predictive value of HER2DX assay with pathological response and prognosis in patients with early HER2-positive breast cancers: commentary on the PHERGain trial.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- BUB1, miR-495-3p, and E2F1/E2F8 axis is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients and infiltration of Th2 cells in the tumor microenvironment.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2025Article
- From silent partners to potential therapeutic targets: macrophages in colorectal cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- FGFR1 overexpression promotes resistance to PI3K inhibitor alpelisib in luminal breast cancer cells through receptor tyrosine kinase signaling-mediated activation of the estrogen receptor.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Exosomes and breast cancer angiogenesis; Highlights in intercellular communication.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Applicability of Quantum Dots in Breast Cancer Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities-A State-of-the-Art Review.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Integrating single-cell transcriptomics and machine learning to predict breast cancer prognosis: A study based on natural killer cell-related genes.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Trim21-mediated CCT2 ubiquitination suppresses malignant progression and promotes CD4Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heterogeneity is a complex feature of cells and tissues with many interacting components. Depending on the nature of the research context, interacting features of cellular, drug response, genetic, molecular, spatial, temporal, and vascular heterogeneity may be present. We describe the various forms of heterogeneity with examples of their interactions and how they play a role in affecting cellular phenotype and drug responses in breast cancer. While cellular heterogeneity may be the most widely described and invoked, many forms of heterogeneity are evident within the tumor microenvironment and affect responses to the endocrine and cytotoxic drugs widely used in standard clinical care. Drug response heterogeneity is a critical determinant of clinical response and curative potential and also is multifaceted when encountered. The interactive nature of some forms of heterogeneity is readily apparent. For example, the process of metastasis has the properties of both temporal and spatial heterogeneity within the host, whereas each individual metastatic deposit may exhibit cellular, genetic, molecular, and vascular heterogeneity. This review describes the many forms of heterogeneity, their integrated activities, and offers some insights into how heterogeneity may be understood and studied in the future.
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