Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36909010›Full record

ArticleSaudi journal of medicine & medical sciences

Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the General Population of Saudi Arabia, 2000-2020: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Mu'taman Jarrar, Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah, Waleed Albaker, Mohammad Al-Bsheish, Adi Alsyouf, Khalid Al-Mugheed, Marwan Rasmi Issa, Arwa Alumran

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciences. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
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  8. Article
  9. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease management in Saudi Arabia: A modified Delphi-based adaptation of international standards.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2026
    Article
  10. Saudi family physician's clinical inertia of type 2 diabetes management.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus and its characteristics amongst adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at a single diabetes center in Medina, Saudi Arabia.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mu'taman JarrarVice Deanship for Development and Community Partnership, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Mai Abdel Haleem AbusalahDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Medical Allied Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan.
Waleed AlbakerDepartment of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Al-BsheishDepartment of Health Management, Batterjee Medical College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Adi AlsyoufDepartment of Managing Health Services and Hospitals, Faculty of Business Rabigh, College of Business, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Khalid Al-MugheedNursing Department, Health Faculty, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Marwan Rasmi IssaSkills Development Training Center, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Arwa AlumranHealth Information Management and Technology, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased worldwide, including in Saudi Arabia. Objective: To systematically review the available literature and assess the pooled prevalence of T2DM in Saudi Arabia between 2000 and 2020. Methods: Observational studies that reported quantitative estimates of the prevalence of T2DM as their main outcome, included the general population of Saudi Arabia, and were published between 2000-2020 and in English were retrieved using three electronic databases (namely, CINAHL, Medline via PubMed, and Web of Science). Retrieved studies were screened, and relevant data were extracted. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal guideline was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. A random-effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of T2DM. Results: Twenty-three studies were included in the systematic review, of which 19 were included in the meta-analysis (total pooled population: 258,283). The overall pooled prevalence of T2DM in Saudi Arabia was 16.4% (95% CI: 11.6-17.5). However, there was heterogeneity in the results of the studies [I Conclusions: This is the first meta-analysis that determined the pooled prevalence of T2DM in Saudi Arabia, and it revealed a high prevalence over the past two decades. However, owing to data collection inconsistencies in the identified studies, neither the modifiable (such as obesity, educational status, emotional support, etc.) nor the non-modifiable (such as gender and age) risk factors of T2DM could be determined, thereby indicating the need for a nationally collective effort in determining these factors.

Indexed as

Meta-analysisprevalencerandom-effects modelSaudi Arabiasystematic reviewtype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID36909010
PMCPMC9997860

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.