ArticleFrontiers in neurology2023
The highest region of muscle spindle abundance should be the optimal target of botulinum toxin A injection to block muscle spasms in rats.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Muscle Spindle Alterations Following Ischemic Stroke and Peripheral Denervation in Murine Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Optimal target localization for botulinum toxin A in treating splenius muscles dystonia based on the distribution of intramuscular nerves and spindles.Anatomical science international · 2026Article
- Quantity and Distribution of Muscle Spindles in Animal and Human Muscles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Localisation of the centre of the highest region of muscle spindle abundance of anterior forearm muscles.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Division of neuromuscular compartments and localization of the center of the intramuscular nerve-dense region in pelvic wall muscles based on Sihler's staining.Anatomical science international · 2024Article
- Division of neuromuscular compartments and localization of the center of the highest region of muscle spindles abundance in deep cervical muscles based on Sihler's staining.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2024Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: The effective relief of muscle spasticity requires prompt solutions in rehabilitation medicine. This study aimed to reveal that the highest region of muscle spindle abundance is the optimal target of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections for relieve muscle spasm. Methods: Sixty adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats with lower limbs spasm caused by stroke after modeling, weighing (200 ± 20) g, were included in this study. The modelrats were divided into four groups: muscle spasm model group (group A), model rats treated with BTX-A injections into the middle of the muscle belly (group B), model rats treated with BTX-A injections into the center of the intramuscular nerve-dense region (INDR) (group C), and model rats treated with BTX-A injection into the center of the highest region of muscle spindle abundance (HRMSA) (group D). Groups B, C, and D were further divided into two subgroups: the 3rd and 6th days after BTX-A injection. The rats in each group were assigned modified Ashworth scale scores (MAS), and the changes in gastrocnemius muscle tone, wet muscle weight, and cross-sectional area of muscle fiber were detected. Results: Muscle spindle abundance was the highest in the upper part of the INDR. Group B experienced no significant changes in MAS, muscle tone, wet muscle weight, or cross-sectional area of the muscle fiber. Conversely, groups C and D experienced a decrease in these indicators. Group C experienced the most significant decrease in wet muscle weight and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. Group D experienced the most notable decrease in MAS and muscle tone. There were no significant differences in the indicators between the 3rd and 6th days after BTX-A injections in group B and there were significant differences in the improvement in the indicators between the two subgroups in groups C and D, with group D experiencing more notable intersubgroup differences. Conclusion: The efficacy of BTX-A injections into the HRMSA is significantly superior to that of conventional BTX-A injections into the middle of the belly muscle or the INDR in the treatment of muscle spasms. Hence, HRMSA should be the optimal target of BTX-A to relieve muscle spasms.
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