ArticleWorld journal of gastrointestinal oncology2023
Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: A meta-analysis.
Article in World journal of gastrointestinal oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for locally advanced esophagogastric junction or gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- [Reflections on surgical management strategies for locally advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant immunotherapy].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Review
- The Neuroimmune Axis in Gastric Cancer: Bridging Neural Regulation, Tumor Microenvironment, and Immunotherapy.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Zolbetuximab or Immunotherapy as the Initial Targeted Therapy in CLDN18.2-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Gastric Cancer: Weighing the Options.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Survival outcomes of patients with gastric cancer treated with first-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy based on claudin 18.2 expression.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising efficacy in treatment and clinical management of advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. However, the inhibitors also cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The current systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the incidence and nature of irAEs caused by ICIs.
aimTo investigate the incidence and nature of irAEs in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer.
methodsThis systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (Reg. number: CRD42020152291). Data included in this study were collected from patients diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer and treated with ICIs. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Meta-analysis was carried out using the single sample rate method. Synthesis and analysis of the data was conducted using Stata/SE and Review Manager Software.
resultsThe patients enrolled in the present study included 14 patients from 14 case reports, 326 patients from 6 case series, and 1249 patients from 8 clinical trials. It was found that the overall incidence of irAEs was 16% [95% confidence interval (CI): 11-20] for all grades and 3% (95%CI: 2-4) for the severe grade. It was evident that the incidence of irAEs varied with the type of inhibitor and organs. A comparative study of the anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1) treatments showed that the anti-PD-1 group had a higher overall incidence of irAEs (20%) as compared with that of the anti-PD-L1 group (13%). Results of this study showed that the endocrine system experienced the highest incidence of organ-specific irAEs (7.4%), including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, diabetes, and adrenal insufficiency, followed by gastroenterology (2.2%), pulmonology (1.8%), neurology (1.4%), dermatology (1.4%), hematology (0.8%), and hepatology (0.7%). In clinical trials, it was found that the incidence of death related to irAEs was 1% (95%CI: 0-2.0), whereby colitis and interstitial lung diseases were the leading causes of death.
conclusionIt was evident that the incidence and nature of irAEs are both organ- and inhibitor-specific. The anti-PD-1 group had the highest incidence of all irAEs grades including the severe grades of irAEs. Early identification and management of irAEs allows clinical oncologists to effectively consider the pros and cons and hence enables them to strike a balance.
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