ReviewClinical and translational science2023
Sex, racial, and ethnic diversity in clinical trials.
Review in Clinical and translational science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female participation in randomized controlled trials of motor rehabilitation after spinal cord injury: a systematic review.Spinal cord · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing Ethnic Minority Representation in Fibromyalgia Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of Recruitment Demographics.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Rimegepant for the Acute Treatment of Migraine in Adults of Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity: Post Hoc Analysis of Three Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Optimizing diversity, equity and inclusion in pragmatic clinical trials: Findings from the Pain Management Collaboratory.The journal of pain · 2025Article
- Deep phenotyping of health-disease continuum in the Human Phenotype Project.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Major Allele Frequencies inJournal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Racial and ethnic disparities in clinical trials for pediatric obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- Representation of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Individuals in Clinical Trials.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- In Reply.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2024Article
- A survey of skin tone assessment in prospective research.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Review
- An expert perspective on diversity-oriented standards for assessing sex and gender in clinical research.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Sex, racial, and ethnic diversity in clinical trials.Clinical and translational science · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diverse representation in clinical trials is crucial to understand the efficacy and safety of drugs in minority groups. This review aims to (1) describe research participants' sex, racial, and ethnic diversity in clinical drug trials and (2) describe the sex distribution of researchers conducting the research. We reviewed all clinical drug trials published in the journals "Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics" and "Clinical and Translational Science" in 2000-2001 and 2020-2021 and analyzed the research participants' and researchers' demographics. We compared the race of the research participants with the concurrent race diversity of the reference population in the countries where the research was conducted. We identified 281 articles with 17,639 research participants. Approximately one-third of the research participants were women in both 2000-2001 and 2020-2021. The representation from racial minorities of Black and Asian people increased from 2000-2001 to 2020-2021, but Asian and Native American people are still under-represented in clinical drug trials today. The proportion of female authors increased, but female authors still made up less than 40% of the total number of authors in 2020-2021. In conclusion, men are still over-represented in clinical pharmacology research, and some races are still vastly under-represented. Furthermore, although the proportion of female authors increased with time, they are still under-represented as first and last authors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.