ArticleVaccine2023
Updated estimate of the annual direct medical cost of screening and treatment for human papillomavirus associated disease in the United States.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acceptance and the willingness to pay for human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Cell-Free DNA Fragmentation Patterns as Biomarkers for Human Papillomavirus-Related Cancers: A Systematic Review of Methodological Diversity and Diagnostic Performance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Burden of HPV-associated cancers in Peruvian men: Evidence from national health data.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Neurobiological Determinism versus Human Freedom: Competing Explanatory Models and the Hope for Moral Enhancement.The Journal of medicine and philosophy · 2026Article
- Estimated HPV-Attributable Inpatient Pharmaceutical Reimbursement in Bulgaria, 2021-2025: A National Payer-Perspective Expenditure Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Missed Clinic Appointments for Human Papillomavirus-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- Increasing HPV Vaccination Among Early Adolescents Using a Game-Based Digital Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Evaluating Now I Know mHealth intervention promoting HPV vaccine completion among young women attending federally supported clinics.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- "It really is HPV that's pulling us down": Findings from a health plan quality improvement learning collaborative targeting the HEDIS IMA measure.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Analysis of factors driving HPV vaccination coverage and associated cost savings in the united States.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Identification of circulating human papillomavirus types through high-throughput sequencing of Canadian municipal and institutional wastewater samples.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Promoting HPV Vaccination in College Students Through Educational Video: Results from a Randomized Trial.Vaccines · 2025Article
- A Bundled, Practice-Based Intervention to Increase HPV Vaccination.Pediatrics · 2025Article
- Acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccine among boys in Asia: A narrative review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- HPV Vaccines Among University Students: Understanding Barriers and Facilitators of Vaccine Uptake.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Human papillomavirus vaccine delivery practices among pediatricians and pediatric trainees in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.Pediatric discovery · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The annual direct medical cost attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) in the United States over the period 2004-2007 was estimated at $9.36 billion in 2012 (updated to 2020 dollars). The purpose of this report was to update that estimate to account for the impact of HPV vaccination on HPV-attributable disease, reductions in the frequency of cervical cancer screening, and new data on the cost per case of treating HPV-attributable cancers. Based primarily on data from the literature, we estimated the annual direct medical cost burden as the sum of the costs of cervical cancer screening and follow-up and the cost of treating HPV-attributable cancers, anogenital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We estimated the total direct medical cost of HPV to be $9.01 billion annually over the period 2014-2018 (2020 U.S. dollars). Of this total cost, 55.0% was for routine cervical cancer screening and follow-up, 43.8% was for treatment of HPV-attributable cancer, and less than 2% was for treating anogenital warts and RRP. Although our updated estimate of the direct medical cost of HPV is slightly lower than the previous estimate, it would have been substantially lower had we not incorporated more recent, higher cancer treatment costs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.