ArticleRespiratory research2023
National, subnational and risk attributed burden of chronic respiratory diseases in Iran from 1990 to 2019.
Article in Respiratory research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Effect of Tele-nursing Education on Medication Adherence and Health Literacy in COPD patients.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- National, Subnational, and Risk-Attributed Burden of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Iran (1990-2021): A Longitudinal Clustering Analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2021 Data.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence of asthma and the premature mortality in Eastern sub-Saharan Africa, from 1990 to 2023.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of asthma and COPD among adults in Iran based on the 2021 STEPS survey.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Burden of chronic respiratory diseases and their attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: Results from the global burden of disease study 2021.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Sex disparity in non-communicable disease burden in Iran from 1990 to 2021 based on the global burden of disease study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Health disparities in the Middle East: Representative analysis of the region.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Review
- Patient experience with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationally representative demonstration study on quality and cost of healthcare services.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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15 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionData on the distribution of the burden of diseases is vital for policymakers for the appropriate allocation of resources. In this study, we report the geographical and time trends of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in Iran from 1990 to 2019 based on the Global burden of the Disease (GBD) study 2019.
methodsData were extracted from the GBD 2019 study to report the burden of CRDs through disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, incidence, prevalence, Years of Life lost (YLL), and Years Lost to Disability (YLD). Moreover, we reported the burden attributed to the risk factors with evidence of causation at national and subnational levels. We also performed a decomposition analysis to determine the roots of incidence changes. All data were measured as counts and age-standardized rates (ASR) divided by sex and age group.
resultsIn 2019, the ASR of deaths, incidence, prevalence, and DALYs attributed to CRDs in Iran were 26.9 (23.2 to 29.1), 932.1 (799.7 to 1091.5), 5155.4 (4567.2 to 5859.6) and 587,911 (521,418 to 661,392) respectively. All burden measures were higher in males than females, but in older age groups, CRDs were more incident in females than males. While all crude numbers increased, all ASRs except for YLDs decreased over the studied period. Population growth was the main contributor to the changes in incidence at a national and subnational levels. The ASR of mortality in the province (Kerman) with the highest death rate (58.54 (29.42 to 68.73) was four times more than the province (Tehran) with the lowest death rate (14.52 (11.94 to 17.64)). The risk factors which imposed the most DALYs were smoking (216 (189.9 to 240.8)), ambient particulate matter pollution (117.9 (88.1 to 149.4)), and high body mass index (BMI) (57 (36.3 to 81.8)). Smoking was also the main risk factor in all provinces.
conclusionDespite the overall decrease in ASR of burden measures, the crude counts are rising. Moreover, the ASIR of all CRDs except asthma is increasing. This suggests that the overall incidence of CRDs will continue to grow in the future, which calls for immediate action to reduce exposure to the known risk factors. Therefore, expanded national plans by policymakers are essential to prevent the economic and human burden of CRDs.
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