ArticleVaccine2023
Antibody dependent disease enhancement (ADE) after COVID-19 vaccination and beta glucans as a safer strategy in management.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- From legacy to innovation: A comprehensive review of vaccine platforms against viral infections.Virus research · 2026Review
- Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Possess Autoimmune Properties.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- β-Glucan in antiviral defense: mechanisms, immune modulation, and therapeutic prospects.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Heterologous immunity and antibody-dependent enhancement in respiratory virus infections.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Reactogenicity and Neutralizing Antibody Responses 6 Months Post-Vaccination with Monovalent COVID-19 Vaccine.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- A Symptom-Based Algorithm for Rapid Clinical Diagnosis of COVID-19 in Adults With High-Risk Exposure.Cureus · 2025Article
- Virus-Induced Pathogenic Antibodies: Lessons from Long COVID and Dengue Hemorrhage Fever.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunogenic Potential of Selected Peptides from SARS-CoV-2 Proteins and Their Ability to Block S1/ACE-2 Binding.Viruses · 2025Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of antibody-dependent enhancement of infectious disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronaviruses.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the Contrasts and Similarities of Dengue and SARS-CoV-2 Infections During the COVID-19 Era.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Ambivalence of Post COVID-19 Vaccination Responses in Humans.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Diagnosis of COVID-19: Is Fever the Best Indicator of COVID-19 in Vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-Positive Adults?Cureus · 2024Article
- Long-Term Safety and Immunogenicity of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19): 2-Year Follow-Up from a Phase 3 Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Multi-epitope peptide vaccines targeting dengue virus serotype 2 created via immunoinformatic analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Enhanced Assessment of Cross-Reactive Antigenic Determinants within the Spike Protein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine, GLB-COV2-043, in preclinical animal models.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Review: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Viral Infections.Vaccines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A potential risk associated with vaccines for COVID-19 is antibody-dependent disease enhancement (ADE) in which vaccine induced antibody mediated immune responses may lead to enhanced SARS CoV- 2 acquisition or increased disease severity. Though ADE has not been clinically demonstrated with any of the COVID-19 vaccines so far, when neutralizing antibodies are suboptimal, the severity of COVID-19 has been reported to be greater. ADE is presumed to occur via abnormal macrophages induced by the vaccine based immune response by antibody-mediated virus uptake into Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) or by the formation of Fc-mediated excessive antibody effector functions. Beta-glucans which are naturally occurring polysaccharides known for unique immunomodulation by capability to interact with macrophages, eliciting a specific beneficial immune-response and enhancing all arms of the immune system, importantly without over-activation are suggested as safer nutritional supplement-based vaccine adjuvants for COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.