ArticleAppetite2023
The impact of delayed school start time on adolescent beverage consumption, findings from the START study.
Article in Appetite, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- How does sugar-sweetened beverage consumption relate to sleep and mental health in adolescents? A scoping review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe sought to examine the effects of high school start time delay, a proven sleep-promoting intervention, on sugary beverage (SB) consumption among U.S. adolescents.
methodsIn the Spring of 2016 (baseline), the START study recruited 2134 ninth grade students who were enrolled high schools in the Twin Cities, MN metropolitan area. These participants were surveyed again in their 10th and 11th grade years, in Spring 2017 and 2018 (follow-ups 1 and 2). All five high schools started early (7:30 or 7:45 a.m.) at baseline. By follow-up 1, two "policy change" schools shifted their start times later (8:20 or 8:50 a.m.) and maintained these later start times through follow-up 2 while three "comparison schools" retained an early start time at all time points. Generalized estimating equations using a negative binomial distribution were used to obtain estimates of the number of sugary beverages consumed per day at each wave as well as the difference in difference (DiD) estimates between baseline and each follow-up period comparing policy change to comparison schools.
resultsMean baseline sugary beverage consumption was 0.9 (1.5) beverages per day in policy change schools and 1.2 (1.7) beverages per day in the comparison schools. While there was no evidence of impact of start time change on total SB consumption, DiD estimates revealed a small decrease in the number of caffeinated sugary beverages consumed between baseline and the second follow-up period in students attending the policy change schools relative to comparison schools in both crude (0.11/day reduction, p-value = 0.048) and adjusted analyses (0.11/day reduction, p-value = 0.028).
conclusionAlthough the differences in this study were quite modest, a population-wide reduction in sugary beverage consumption could have public health benefit.
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Registered trials
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