ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2024
Evidence-based Recovery Colleges: developing a typology based on organisational characteristics, fidelity and funding.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- State-of-the-art literature review of Recovery College evaluative studies between 2013-2024.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Recovery Colleges or Something Different? The Development and Evaluation of a Reflection Tool for Recovery Colleges in the Netherlands.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Social inclusion of people with severe mental illness: a review of current practices, evidence and unmet needs, and future directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Organisational variation in Recovery College implementation: 31-college qualitative study.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Living with mental health issues: citizen science project on self-management strategies.Npj mental health research · 2025Article
- Are We There Yet? Co-Production in Recovery Colleges.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025Article
- Recovery colleges as enablers of personal recovery: qualitative evaluation of the development of a recovery college in the Netherlands.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neighborhood material versus social deprivation in Canada: different patterns of associations with child and adolescent mental health problems.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Understanding the experiences of family, friends and carers attending Recovery Colleges: focus group study.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- The content of Recovery College courses in England: a 71 college document analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Supporting Recovery College trainers: a qualitative study on complementary knowledge in Quebec and Lombardy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Cultural influences on fidelity components in recovery colleges: a study across 28 countries and territories.General psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Developing and testing Advance Choice Document implementation resources for Black African and Caribbean people with experience of compulsory psychiatric admission.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- 28-country global study on associations between cultural characteristics and Recovery College fidelity.Npj mental health research · 2024Article
- Operationalising the Recovery College model with people living with dementia: a realist review.Aging & mental health · 2024Review
- Investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on recovery colleges: multi-site qualitative study.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of the Recovery College model as a transformative tool for recovery-oriented practice: perceived benefits and perspectives from health practitioners in Quebec, Canada.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- "It has to be better, otherwise we will get stuck." A Review of Novel Directions for Mental Health Reform and Introducing Pilot Work in the Netherlands.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2023Review
- "A place without walls, only opportunities": personal accounts of attending Recovery Colleges in Norway.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeRecovery Colleges (RCs) have been implemented across England with wide variation in organisational characteristics. The purpose of this study is to describe RCs across England in terms of organisational and student characteristics, fidelity and annual spending, to generate a RC typology based on characteristics and to explore the relationship between characteristics and fidelity.
methodsAll RC in England meeting criteria on recovery orientation, coproduction and adult learning were included. Managers completed a survey capturing characteristics, fidelity and budget. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to identify common groupings and generate an RC typology.
resultsParticipants comprised 63 (72%) of 88 RC in England. Fidelity scores were high (median 11, IQR 9-13). Both NHS and strengths-focussed RCs were associated with higher fidelity. The median annual budget was £200,000 (IQR £127,000-£300,000) per RC. The median cost per student was £518 (IQR £275-£840), cost per course designed was £5,556 (IQR £3,000-£9,416) and per course run was £1,510 (IQR £682-£3,030). The total annual budget across England for RCs is an estimated £17.6 m including £13.4 m from NHS budgets, with 11,000 courses delivered to 45,500 students.
conclusionAlthough the majority of RCs had high levels of fidelity, there were sufficiently pronounced differences in other key characteristics to generate a typology of RCs. This typology might prove important for understanding student outcomes and how they are achieved and for commissioning decisions. Staffing and co-producing new courses are key drivers of spending. The estimated budget for RCs was less than 1% of NHS mental health spending.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.