ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2023
Adaptation of the Brain to Hyponatremia and Its Clinical Implications.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of hyponatremia and risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Pooled it
- Managing hyponatremia: fast or slow? Why, when, how, and controversies.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Severity-Stratified Hyponatremia Is Associated with Increased Mortality and Complications in Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The role of electrolytes imbalance in determining poor health outcomes in a cohort of older in-patients: the ELECTROHEALTH study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Sodium and Water Homeostasis in Children: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Plasma sodium levels are related to resting motor threshold in healthy humans.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in a Patient With Schizophrenia: A Case Report.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Article
- Importance of Capillary Leak and Nocturia in Defining and Successfully Treating Idiopathic Edema.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Changes in Urinary Aquaporin 2 and Serum Sodium After Catheterization in Elderly Patients with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone and Urinary Retention: A Preliminary Hospital-based Study in Yangon, Myanmar.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Hyponatremia is associated with malignant brain edema after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury: Clinical Implications and Management Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The ion transport, GPCR, and RTK toolkit expression in the human cerebrovascular endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3: an Omics perspective.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Case report: Acute severe hyponatremia-induced seizures in a newborn: a community-acquired case and literature review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder, occurring in up to 25% of hospitalized patients. Hypo-osmotic hyponatremia when severe and left untreated invariably results in cell swelling, which can lead to fatal consequences, especially in the central nervous system. The brain is particularly vulnerable to the consequences of decreased extracellular osmolarity; because of being encased in the rigid skull, it cannot withstand persistent swelling. Moreover, serum sodium is the major determinant of extracellular ionic balance, which in turn governs crucial brain functions such as the excitability of neurons. For these reasons, the human brain has developed specific ways to adapt to hyponatremia and prevent brain edema. On the other hand, it is well known that rapid correction of chronic and severe hyponatremia can lead to brain demyelination, a condition known as osmotic demyelination syndrome. In this paper, we will discuss the mechanisms of brain adaptation to acute and chronic hyponatremia and the neurological symptoms of these conditions as well as the pathophysiology and prevention of osmotic demyelination syndrome.
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