ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Metformin, Empagliflozin, and Their Combination Modulate Ex-Vivo Macrophage Inflammatory Gene Expression.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the dysfunctional characteristics of PBMCs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- The Combination Empagliflozin/Metformin Attenuates the Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in a Diet-Induced Experimental Rat Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immune cell contribution to vascular complications in diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Macrophages: friend or foe in diabetes pathogenesis and therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Endothelial Protection by Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A Literature Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Bioinformatics analyses of potential microRNAs and their target genes in myocardial infarction patients with diabetes.Diabetes & vascular disease researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus is a complex, chronic illness characterized by persistent high blood glucose levels. Patients can be prescribed anti-diabetes drugs as single agents or in combination depending on the severity of their condition. Metformin and empagliflozin are two commonly prescribed anti-diabetes drugs which reduce hyperglycemia, however their direct effects on macrophage inflammatory responses alone or in combination are unreported. Here, we show that metformin and empagliflozin elicit proinflammatory responses on mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages with single agent challenge, which are modulated when added in combination. In silico docking experiments suggested that empagliflozin can interact with both TLR2 and DECTIN1 receptors, and we observed that both empagliflozin and metformin increase expression of
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.