ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Heterogeneity of Phenotypic and Functional Changes to Porcine Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Triggered by Diverse Polarizing Factors In Vitro.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypic and functional changes to porcine monocyte-derived macrophages triggered by IL-1β and its receptor antagonist IL-1Ra.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Equine monocyte-derived macrophages revisited: isolation and comprehensive characterization of pro- versus anti-inflammatory polarisation.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Article
- Evaluation of TAM Receptor Targeting in Pathophysiology of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Necrotic Bone Fluid Suppresses Energy Metabolism of Porcine PBMC-Derived Macrophages In Vitro.Cells · 2025Article
- Emerging Roles of Macrophage Polarization in Osteoarthritis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Orthopaedic surgery · 2024Review
- Review
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- Goat milk extracellular vesicles: immuno-modulation effects on porcine monocyte-derived macrophagesFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Swine are attracting increasing attention as a biomedical model, due to many immunological similarities with humans. However, porcine macrophage polarization has not been extensively analyzed. Therefore, we investigated porcine monocyte-derived macrophages (moMΦ) triggered by either IFN-γ + LPS (classical activation) or by diverse "M2-related" polarizing factors: IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, and dexamethasone. IFN-γ and LPS polarized moMΦ toward a proinflammatory phenotype, although a significant IL-1Ra response was observed. Exposure to IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, and dexamethasone gave rise to four distinct phenotypes, all antithetic to IFN-γ and LPS. Some peculiarities were observed: IL-4 and IL-10 both enhanced expression of IL-18, and none of the "M2-related" stimuli induced IL-10 expression. Exposures to TGF-β and dexamethasone were characterized by enhanced levels of TGF-β2, whereas stimulation with dexamethasone, but not TGF-β2, triggered CD163 upregulation and induction of CCL23. Macrophages stimulated with IL-10, TGF-β, or dexamethasone presented decreased abilities to release proinflammatory cytokines in response to TLR2 or TLR3 ligands: IL-10 showed a powerful inhibitory activity for CXCL8 and TNF release, whereas TGF-β provided a strong inhibitory signal for IL-6 production. While our results emphasized porcine macrophage plasticity broadly comparable to human and murine macrophages, they also highlighted some peculiarities in this species.
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Registered trials
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