ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Unveil the Secret of the Bacteria and Phage Arms Race.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bacterial immune systems.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Structural and functional characterization of VapBC52 toxin-antitoxin system from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Potential of phage therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot infections.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Bacterial defense mechanisms against bacteriophages: an evolutionary arms race.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Engineering bacteriophages for gut health: precision antimicrobials and beyond.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage Therapy AgainstMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Multilayer regulation of CRISPR systems: integrating anti-CRISPR proteins, CRISPRi/a, and quorum sensing networks.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Identification, resistance mechanisms, and innovative therapeutic approaches againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Staphylococcal phages as agents of evolution and innovation: From gene flow to next-generation therapeutics.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Genome synthesis, assembly, and rebooting of therapeutically useful high G+C% mycobacteriophages.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Why do bacteria accumulate antiphage defence systems?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- The number of immune defence and counter-defence systems sustained in the arms race between prokaryotes and viruses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Advances in Diversity, Evolutionary Dynamics and Biotechnological Potential of Restriction-Modification Systems.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The high efficiency protective effectiveness of a newly isolated myoviruses bacteriophage vB_AceP_PAc in protecting mice from Aeromonas caviae infection in mice.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- The Role of Quorum Sensing in Phage Lifecycle Decision: A Switch Between Lytic and Lysogenic Pathways.Viruses · 2025Review
- What, how, and why? - anti-EHEC phages and their application potential in medicine and food industry.Journal of applied genetics · 2025Review
- CombatingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- A widespread phage-encoded kinase enables evasion of multiple host antiphage defence systems.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Isolation, characterization, and potential application of Acinetobacter baumannii phages against extensively drug-resistant strains.Virus genes · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria have developed different mechanisms to defend against phages, such as preventing phages from being adsorbed on the surface of host bacteria; through the superinfection exclusion (Sie) block of phage's nucleic acid injection; by restricting modification (R-M) systems, CRISPR-Cas, aborting infection (Abi) and other defense systems to interfere with the replication of phage genes in the host; through the quorum sensing (QS) enhancement of phage's resistant effect. At the same time, phages have also evolved a variety of counter-defense strategies, such as degrading extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that mask receptors or recognize new receptors, thereby regaining the ability to adsorb host cells; modifying its own genes to prevent the R-M systems from recognizing phage genes or evolving proteins that can inhibit the R-M complex; through the gene mutation itself, building nucleus-like compartments or evolving anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins to resist CRISPR-Cas systems; and by producing antirepressors or blocking the combination of autoinducers (AIs) and its receptors to suppress the QS. The arms race between bacteria and phages is conducive to the coevolution between bacteria and phages. This review details bacterial anti-phage strategies and anti-defense strategies of phages and will provide basic theoretical support for phage therapy while deeply understanding the interaction mechanism between bacteria and phages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.