ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Tumor Tissue and Plasma of Breast Cancer Patients: Reliable Biomarker of Hypoxia and Prognosis.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative Bioinformatic and Epidemiological Analysis of Acetaminophen Use and Risk of Sex Hormone-Related Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Hydrated proton complexes supplementation for tumor microenvironment reprogramming: a bioenergetic strategy targeting the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- CA IX Inhibition by a Sulfonamide Compound: A Therapeutic Approach Against Breast Cancer.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Oral Administration of a Bivalent Carbonic Anhydrase IX Near-Infrared Imaging Agent Detects Hypoxic Tumors in a Mouse Model.ACS sensors · 2026Article
- Midkine and CA9 Are Potential Cancer Stem Cell Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Tumours.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2026Article
- Review: Detection of Cancer Biomarkers from a Clinical Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Integrated bioinformatics analysis identifies cuproptosis and ferroptosis gene signatures via subgroup clustering: Prognostic and therapeutic implications in breast cancer.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Tumor Hypoxia: How Conventional Histology Is Reshaped in Breast Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy of Breast Cancer: A Review of Recent Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparison of carbonic anhydrase-IX-targeted trifunctional radioligands between linear- and branched-chain arrangements.Frontiers in nuclear medicine · 2025Article
- Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Effectively Suppress Cancer Cell Growth.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Smart CA IX-Targeting and pH-Responsive Nano-Mixed Micelles for Delivery of FB15 with Superior Anti-Breast Cancer Efficacy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Enhancing the anticancer potential of metformin: fabrication of efficient nanospanlastics,International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2023Article
- The OSR9 Regimen: A New Augmentation Strategy for Osteosarcoma Treatment Using Nine Older Drugs from General Medicine to Inhibit Growth Drive.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is recognized as an excellent marker of hypoxia and an adverse prognostic factor in solid tumors, including breast cancer (BC). Clinical studies confirm that soluble CA IX (sCA IX), shed into body fluids, predicts the response to some therapeutics. However, CA IX is not included in clinical practice guidelines, possibly due to a lack of validated diagnostic tools. Here, we present two novel diagnostic tools-a monoclonal antibody for CA IX detection by immunohistochemistry and an ELISA kit for the detection of sCA IX in the plasma-validated on a cohort of 100 patients with early BC. We confirm that tissue CA IX positivity (24%) correlates with tumor grading, necrosis, negative hormone receptor status, and the TNBC molecular subtype. We show that antibody IV/18 can specifically detect all subcellular forms of CA IX. Our ELISA test provides 70% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Although we showed that this test could detect exosomes in addition to shed CA IX ectodomain, we could not demonstrate a clear association of sCA IX with prognosis. Our results indicate that the amount of sCA IX depends on subcellular CA IX localization, but more strictly on the molecular composition of individual molecular subtypes of BC, particularly on metalloproteinases inhibitor expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.