ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Association between Smoking and Periodontal Disease in South Korean Adults.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bridging Guidelines and Oral Healthcare: Development and Initial Validation of a Questionnaire Assessing Early-Career Dentists' Attitudes Toward Periodontal Therapy-A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Periodontal Disease Prevalence Among Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Regional Hospital in Uganda.Cureus · 2026Article
- Exploring the associations between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and markers of self-reported periodontal disease in the UK Biobank cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Associations of unmet dental care needs due to cost with incident cardiovascular disease and dementia: a prospective study in the All of Us cohort.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- The role of smoking habits in periodontal health and disease: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical and Microbiological Effects of Smoking on Lithium Disilicate Endocrowns: An Age-Stratified Cross-Sectional Study.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Associations with Periodontal Inflammation and Bone Loss: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Prevalence, etiology and clinical characteristics of gingival recession in a sample of adult Egyptian dental patients: a cross sectional study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Dental Anxiety and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Periodontitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Alcohol and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Review
- Bidirectional associations between periodontal disease and systemic diseases: a nationwide population-based study in Korea.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smoking poses a threat to global public health. This study analyzed data from the 2016-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate smoking's impact on periodontal health and identify potential risk factors associated with poor periodontal health in Korean adults. The final study population was 9178 patients, with 4161 men and 5017 women. The dependent variable was the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), to investigate periodontal disease risks. Smoking was the independent variable and was divided into three groups. The chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used in this study. Current smokers had a higher risk of periodontal disease than non-smokers (males OR: 1.78, 95% CIs = 1.43-2.23, females OR: 1.44, 95% CIs = 1.04-1.99). Age, educational level, and dental checkups affected periodontal disease. Men with a higher number of pack years had a higher risk of periodontal disease than non-smokers (OR: 1.84, 95% CIs = 1.38-2.47). Men who quit smoking for less than five years had a higher risk of periodontal disease than non-smokers but lower than current smokers (current OR: 1.78, 95% CIs = 1.43-2.23, ex OR: 1.42, 95% CIs = 1.04-1.96). Those who had quit smoking for less than five years had a higher risk of periodontal disease than non-smokers but lower than current smokers (males OR: 1.42, 95% CIs = 1.04-1.96, females OR: 1.11, 95% CIs = 1.71-1.74). It is necessary to motivate smokers by educating them on the importance of early smoking cessation.
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