SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Effects of Medical Education Program Using Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Simulated learning interventions to improve communication and practice with deaf and hard of hearing patients: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis.Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice · 2026Pooled it
- Use of extended reality head-mounted displays in US health care education: a scoping review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Using Virtual Reality to Enhance Surgical Skills and Engagement in Orthopedic Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Instructional design features in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia simulation-based training: a systematic review.Anaesthesia · 2025Pooled it
- Immersive virtual reality vs. traditional instruction for short-term learning and follow-up outcomes in the Bobath concept: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- Application of VR technology in standardized residency training for endoscopic procedures in otorhinolaryngology.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- Immersive Virtual Reality Training to Improve Novice Physicians' Emergency Response Skills: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR medical education · 2026Trial
- A serious video game for teaching basic point-of-care echocardiography skills: a non-inferiority trial.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- Virtual simulation experiments in medical education: technology acceptance, learning outcomes, and motivational impacts.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Knowledge Gain and the Impact of Stress in a Fully Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Medical Emergencies Training With Automated Feedback: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Comparing Virtual Reality-Based and Traditional Physical Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) Stations for Clinical Competency Assessments: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Training in Teaching Personal Protective Equipment Skills: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Oral Health in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Individuals: Addressing Widespread Global Health Barriers Through Emerging Digital Technologies-A Comprehensive Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Medical students' experiences of mixed-reality-based anatomy instruction in a non-cadaveric curriculum: a qualitative case study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Feasibility Evaluation of a Standalone Virtual Reality System for Neonatal Resuscitation Training.Journal of medical systems · 2026Article
- Immersive learning in quality improvement: evaluating a virtual reality escape room for medical learners and faculty.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Scoping insights into the application of virtual reality in patient care and clinical practice.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2026Article
- Medical Students' Experiences With Virtual Reality Simulation Training: Qualitative Study.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Immersive virtual reality for teaching hemoglobin structure in preclinical medical biochemistry education: a mixed-methods study of student self-reported perceptions.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- SomaVR: A low-cost virtual reality platform and implementation framework for medical education in resource-limited settings.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies have examined the effect of virtual reality (VR) education. However, they are mostly systematic reviews or meta-analyses focusing on doctors and residents; they fail to consider VR medical education for a broader range of learners. We evaluated the effectiveness of VR education for health professionals and identified the essential features of education. Randomized controlled trials published from January 2000 to April 2020 were identified from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library (n = 299). The randomized studies' bias risk was evaluated using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool. Meta- and subgroup-analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4.1. The overall effect was measured using Hedges' g and determined using Z-statistics (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.