Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36900705›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2023

The Psychometric Properties of the DASS-21 and Its Association with Problematic Internet Use among Chinese College Freshmen.

Cui-Hong Cao, Chang-Yan Dang, Xia Zheng, Wang-Guang Chen, I-Hua Chen, Jeffrey H Gamble

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Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

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  8. The Mental Health of Australian, Chinese and Vietnamese University Students: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the DASS-21.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2025
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  16. Effects ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Cui-Hong CaoSchool of Foreign Languages, Shandong Women's University, Jinan 250300, China.ORCID 0009-0004-7407-427X
Chang-Yan DangSchool of Foreign Languages, Shandong Women's University, Jinan 250300, China.
Xia ZhengMental-Health Education Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
Wang-Guang ChenSchool of Administration, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China.
I-Hua ChenChinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6999-6406
Jeffrey H GambleDepartment of English, National Changhua University, Changhua 50007, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0001-7381-0053

Funding

2022 Shandong Province Social Science Foundation Project, "Research on teaching management innovation in rural primary schools in the post-pandemic era 22CJYJ16
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During transitional periods, college freshmen may experience mental health issues. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21-item version (DASS-21) is commonly used for mental health assessment in China. However, evidence is lacking regarding its applicability with freshmen as a demographic. Debates also exist regarding its factor structure. This study aimed to evaluate the DASS-21's psychometric properties with Chinese college freshmen and investigate its association with three kinds of problematic Internet use. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit two samples of freshmen-one of 364 (female 248; mean age 18.17 years) and the other of 956 (female 499; mean age 18.38 years) participants. McDonald's ω and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to evaluate both the scale's internal reliability and construct validity. The results indicated acceptable reliability, with a one-factor structure inferior to a three-factor structure in terms of model fit. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that problematic Internet use was significantly and positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among Chinese college freshmen. Based on the prerequisite of measurement equivalence across two samples, the study also found that freshmen's problematic Internet use and psychological distress were likely to be affected by the strict measures put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Indexed as

Chinese freshmenCOVID-19 pandemicproblematic Internet usepsychometricsthe DASS-21

Identifiers

PMID36900705
PMCPMC10000485

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.