ReviewCells2023
Host Cell Restriction Factors Blocking Efficient Vector Transduction: Challenges in Lentiviral and Adeno-Associated Vector Based Gene Therapies.
Review in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization of CD8-targeted lentiviral vector forMolecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Epigenetic regulation of transgenes.Journal of biotechnology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming innate immunity through viral interference: A double-edged strategy for enhancing and containing gene therapies.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Reprogramming Antitumor Immunity: NK Cell Strategies to Navigate the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Tropism Profiling of Lentiviral Vector Pseudotypes in Diverse Brain Tumor Models.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Lentiviral Vectors: From Wild-Type Viruses to Efficient Multi-Functional Delivery Vectors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- AAV-Based Gene Therapy: Opportunities, Risks, and Scale-Up Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems to Enhance Gene Editing Efficiency.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Enhanced conversion of T cells into CAR T cells by modulation of the MAPK/ERK pathway.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Conventional and Tropism-Modified High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Exhibit Similar Transduction Profiles in Human iPSC-Derived Retinal Organoids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Gene Therapy in the Light of Lifestyle Diseases: Budesonide, Acetaminophen and Simvastatin Modulates rAAV Transduction Efficiency.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Antiviral factors and their counteraction by HIV-1: many uncovered and more to be discovered.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors for Gene Therapy of the Central Nervous System: Delivery Routes and Clinical Aspects.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The RLR intrinsic antiviral system is expressed in neural retina and restricts lentiviral transduction of human Mueller cells.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Innate Immune Response to Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy.Viruses · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gene therapy relies on the delivery of genetic material to the patient's cells in order to provide a therapeutic treatment. Two of the currently most used and efficient delivery systems are the lentiviral (LV) and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Gene therapy vectors must successfully attach, enter uncoated, and escape host restriction factors (RFs), before reaching the nucleus and effectively deliver the therapeutic genetic instructions to the cell. Some of these RFs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, while others are cell-specific, and others still are expressed only upon induction by danger signals as type I interferons. Cell restriction factors have evolved to protect the organism against infectious diseases and tissue damage. These restriction factors can be intrinsic, directly acting on the vector, or related with the innate immune response system, acting indirectly through the induction of interferons, but both are intertwined. The innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens and, as such cells derived from myeloid progenitors (but not only), are well equipped with RFs to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In addition, some non-professional cells, such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, play major roles in pathogen recognition. Unsurprisingly, foreign DNA and RNA molecules are among the most detected PAMPs. Here, we review and discuss identified RFs that block LV and AAV vector transduction, hindering their therapeutic efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.