ArticleBMC public health2023
Association between calf circumference and incontinence in Chinese elderly.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association and Prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Individuals with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Incontinence and cognitive function in Chinese old adults: multiple mediating effects of social participation and depressive symptoms.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Association Between Low Muscle Mass and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS).Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Non-linear relationship between calf circumference and global cognition in Chinese population: a cross-sectional study of 12,102 Chinese older adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Sarcopenia and lower urinary tract diseases: links, mechanisms, and clinical implications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Chinese older adults' prior-to-death disability profiles and their correlates.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of this study was to analyze the association between calf circumference and incontinence in Chinese elderly, and to find out the maximal cut-off point by gender for the use of calf circumference in screening for incontinence.
methodsIn this study, participants were from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The maximal calf circumference cut-off point and other incontinence-related risk factors were explored using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analysis.
resultsThe study included 14,989 elderly people (6,516 males and 8,473 females) over 60. The prevalence of incontinence in elderly males was 5.23% (341/6,516), significantly lower than females, which was 8.31% (704/8,473) (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between calf circumference < 34 cm in males and < 33 cm in females and incontinence after adjusting the confounders. We further stratified by gender to predict incontinence in elderly based on the Youden index of ROC curves. We found the association between calf circumference and incontinence was the strongest when the cut-off points were < 28.5 cm for males and < 26.5 cm for females, with an odds rate (OR) value of 1.620 (male, 95%CI: 1.197-2.288) and 1.292 (female, 95%CI: 1.044-1.600) after adjusting the covariates, respectively.
conclusionsOur study suggests that calf circumference < 28.5 cm in males and < 26.5 cm in females is a risk factor for incontinence in the Chinese elderly population. Calf circumference should be measured in routine physical examination, and timely interventions should be made to reduce the risk of incontinence in subjects with calf circumference less than the threshold.
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