ArticleCurrents in pharmacy teaching & learning2023
Effects of knowledge and implicit biases on pharmacy students' decision-making regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: A vignette-based experimental study.
Article in Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing Structural Racism and Discrimination Along the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Continuum: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Addressing implicit bias in pharmacy: strategies for equitable patient care and improved medication outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Medical and Pharmacy Students' Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Injectable HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP).Journal of community health · 2025Observational
- Understanding Opportunities for Prescribing Pre-exposure Prophylaxis at Two Academic Medical Centers in a High Priority Jurisdiction for Ending the HIV Epidemic.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Brief Report: Potential Gains in PrEP Coverage and Effect on Racial Disparities After Introduction of On-Demand and Long-Acting Injectable PrEP: Preferences of Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States, 2021-2022.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Healthcare providers' psychological investment in clinical recommendations: Investigating the role of implicit racial attitudes.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Assessing pharmacy students' HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescribing knowledge, PrEP attitudes, and HIV-related stigma.Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMen who have sex with men (MSM), especially Black MSM, are disproportionately affected by HIV and experience disparate prescription of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention compared to White MSM. While pharmacists are essential in efforts to scale-up PrEP, little is known about the role of knowledge and implicit biases in pharmacy students' decision-making regarding PrEP, which may elucidate mechanisms for improving PrEP access and addressing disparities.
methodsA nationwide, cross-sectional study of pharmacy students in the United States was conducted. A fictional White or Black MSM seeking PrEP was presented. Participants completed measures of PrEP/HIV knowledge, implicit racism and heterosexism, assumptions about the patient's behavior (condomless sex, extra-relational sex, adherence to PrEP), and confidence providing PrEP-related care.
resultsA total of 194 pharmacy students completed the study. Compared to the White patient, the Black patient was assumed to be less adherent to PrEP if prescribed. In contrast, assumptions of sexual risk behaviors if prescribed PrEP and confidence providing PrEP-related care did not differ. Additionally, implicit racism was associated with lower confidence providing PrEP-related care, whereas PrEP/HIV knowledge, implicit sexual orientation bias, and assumed sexual risk behaviors if prescribed PrEP were not associated with confidence.
conclusionsPharmacists are essential in efforts to scale-up PrEP prescription, making pharmacy education about PrEP for HIV prevention critical. These findings suggest that implicit bias awareness training is needed. This training may reduce the influence of implicit racial bias on confidence providing PrEP-related care and improve knowledge of HIV and PrEP.
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Registered trials
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