Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36898570›Full record

ReviewAnnals of epidemiology2023

A multilevel framework to investigate cardiovascular health disparities among South Asian immigrants in the United States.

Namratha R Kandula, Nadia Islam, Belinda L Needham, Naheed Ahmed, Lorna Thorpe, Kiarri N Kershaw, Edith Chen, Neil A Zakai, Alka M Kanaya

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Everyday Discrimination and Its Predictors in the MASALA Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026
    Article
  3. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Response to Orthostasis in Somali Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Religious affiliations, religious practices, and health behaviors in US South Asians.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Namratha R KandulaDepartment of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: n-kandula@northwestern.edu.
Nadia IslamDepartment of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Belinda L NeedhamDepartment of Epidemiology and Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Naheed AhmedDepartment of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Lorna ThorpeDepartment of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Kiarri N KershawDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
Edith ChenInstitute for Policy Research and Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
Neil A ZakaiDepartment of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington.
Alka M KanayaDepartment of Medicine, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco.
New York University · USNorthwestern University · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of Vermont · US

Funding

UCSF Nutrition Obesity Research CenterP30DK098722 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CHRISTIAN VAISSE · 2015 to 2026
$14.6M
Research Design, Data, and Analytics CoreP30DK092949 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI Ronald T. Ackermann, MARSHALL H CHIN · 2011 to 2026
$10.0M
Translational Research Core - Health Engagement & Action Translational (HEAT)P30DK092924 · NIDDK · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI Alyce Sophia Adams, HILARY Kessler SELIGMAN · 2011 to 2026
$9.2M
Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in AmericaR01HL093009 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KANAYA, ALKA M. · 2010 to 2018
$5.4M
Understanding health disparities in Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Asian Indian immigrants: the role of socio-cultural context, acculturation and resilience resources - SupplementR01MD016071 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ISLAM, NADIA S, KANAYA, ALKA M. · 2021 to 2025
$3.9M
Ectopic fat and atherosclerosis in South AsiansK24HL112827 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KANAYA, ALKA M. · 2013 to 2022
$1.2M
Mentoring in community engaged implementation research to reduce cardiovascular disparitiesK24HL155897 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI KANDULA, NAMRATHA R · 2021 to 2025
$729k
NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL112827NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL155897NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL093009NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092924NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092949NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK098722NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD016071
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposePrior studies of cardiovascular health (CVH) disparities among immigrants of South Asian origin in the United States have examined South Asians as one homogenous group, focused primarily on Indian-origin immigrants, and examined risk at the individual level.

methodsWe present current knowledge and evidence gaps about CVH in the three largest South Asian-origin populations in the United States-Bangladeshi, Indian, and Pakistani-and draw on socioecological and lifecourse frameworks to propose a conceptual framework for investigating multilevel risk and protective factors of CVH across these groups.

resultsThe central hypothesis is that CVH disparities among South Asian populations exist due to differences in structural and social determinants, including lived experiences like discrimination, and that acculturation strategies and resilience resources (e.g., neighborhood environment, education, religiosity, social support) ameliorate stressors to act as health protective factors.

resultsConclusions: Our framework advances conceptualization of the heterogeneity and drivers of cardiovascular disparities in diverse South Asian-origin populations. We present specific recommendations to inform the design of future epidemiologic studies on South Asian immigrant health and the development of multilevel interventions to reduce CVH disparities and promote well-being.

Indexed as

Asian PeopleCardiovascular SystemEmigrants and ImmigrantsHealth Status DisparitiesAcculturationHumansUnited StatesCardiovascular DiseasesImmigrantsSocial Determinants of HealthSouth Asian People

Identifiers

PMID36898570
PMCPMC10101928
OpenAlexW4323664872

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.