ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Thyroid hormones and carnitine in the second trimester negatively affect neonate birth weight: A prospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and Validation of Machine-Learning-Based Prediction Models for Thyroid Diseases During Pregnancy.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Associations between maternal thyroid hormones and neonatal outcomes during pregnancy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Emerging research themes in maternal hypothyroidism: a bibliometric exploration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Impact of Maternal Lifestyle and Dietary Habits during Pregnancy on Newborn Metabolic Profile.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Iodine and Thyroid Maternal and Fetal Metabolism during Pregnancy.Metabolites · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Maternal thyroid hormones and carnitine are reported to affect neonate birth weight during the second trimester, which is one of the most important markers for fetal growth and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, the effect of thyroid hormone and carnitine in the second trimester on birth weight has yet to be understood. Method: This was a prospective cohort study with 844 subjects enrolled during the first trimester. Thyroid hormones, free carnitine (C0), neonate birth weight, as well as other related clinical and metabolic data were collected and assessed. Results: Pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI) as well as neonate birth weight were significantly different among different free thyroxine (FT4) level groups. Maternal weight gain and neonate birth weight varied significantly when grouped by different thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. There was a significantly positive correlation between C0 and TSH (r = 0.31), free triiodothyronine (FT3) (r = 0.37), and FT4 (r = 0.59) (all P < 0.001). In addition, a significantly negative influence was found between birth weight and TSH (r = -0.48, P = 0.028), so as C0 (r = -0.55, P < 0.001) and FT4 (r = -0.64, P < 0.001). Further assessment detected a stronger combined effect of C0 and FT4 (P < 0.001) and of C0 and FT3 (P = 0.022) on birth weight. Conclusion: Maternal C0 and thyroid hormones are of great importance in neonate birth weight, and routine examination of C0 and thyroid hormones during the second trimester has a positive effect on the intervention of birth weight.
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