ArticleEClinicalMedicine2023
Risk factors for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: an international matched case-control-control study (EURECA).
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prospective Observational Study to Assess the Risk Factors, Clinical Management and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Serious Infections Caused by Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter Baumannii
Study of the Antibiotic-resistance Profile of Enterobacterales Isolated From Rectal Mucosal Buffer of PrEP Subjects
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observational
- Rectal Surveillance for Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- When might we consider using the newer β-lactam agents as empirical therapy against presumed carbapenem-resistant gram-negative infections?JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Incidence proportion and divergent performance of risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria bloodstream infections across haematological cohorts.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Rising Incidence of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales, 10 US Sites, 2018-2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Determinants of Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of ESBL-Producing, Carbapenem-Resistant, and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in Southern Africa.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Risk factors associated with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections in hospitalized patients: A case-control study.Le infezioni in medicina · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Carbapenem-ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of virulence and resistance gene profiles between carbapenem-resistant and ESBL-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence, multidrug resistance patterns, and carbapenemase-encoding genes of carbapenemase-producingSAGE open medicine · 2026Review
- Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bacteraemia at a tertiary hospital: A five-year review.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Intestinal colonization of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria in pediatric hematology patients: risk factors and molecular characteristics, a multicenter case-control study.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Spectrum, dose, and duration of antibiotic exposure and risk of intensive care unit-acquired carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: a prospective cohort study.Annals of intensive care · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Aztreonam-Avibactam (ATM-AVI) Versus Colistin + Meropenem (COL + MER) for the Treatment of Infections Caused by Metallo-β-Lactamase (MBL)-Producing Enterobacterales in Italy.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Article
- Role of Giannella and Increment Scores to Predict OXA-48 Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacterales Infection and Mortality in Previous Rectal Carriers.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Types of Inappropriate Antibiotics Prescribing Among Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prevalence of multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria and associated factors among gram-negative blood culture isolates at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The magnitude of MDR carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates and associated factors among hospitalized patients of Northeast Ethiopia.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Breaking Through Resistance: A Comparative Review of New Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors (Avibactam, Vaborbactam, Relebactam) Against Multidrug-Resistant Superbugs.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
32 authors at 16 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Data on risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) with wider applicability are needed to inform preventive measures and efficient design of randomised trials. Methods: An international matched case-control-control study was performed in 50 hospitals with high CRE incidence from March 2016 to November 2018 to investigate different aspects of infections caused by CRE (NCT02709408). Cases were patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intraabdominal (cIAI), pneumonia or bacteraemia from other sources (BSI-OS) due to CRE; control groups were patients with infection caused by carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE), and by non-infected patients, respectively. Matching criteria included type of infection for CSE group, ward and duration of hospital admission. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Findings: Overall, 235 CRE case patients, 235 CSE controls and 705 non-infected controls were included. The CRE infections were cUTI (133, 56.7%), pneumonia (44, 18.7%), cIAI and BSI-OS (29, 12.3% each). Carbapenemase genes were found in 228 isolates: OXA-48/like, 112 (47.6%), KPC, 84 (35.7%), and metallo-β-lactamases, 44 (18.7%); 13 produced two. The risk factors for CRE infection in both type of controls were (adjusted OR for CSE controls; 95% CI; p value) previous colonisation/infection by CRE (6.94; 2.74-15.53; <0.001), urinary catheter (1.78; 1.03-3.07; 0.038) and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics, as categorical (2.20; 1.25-3.88; 0.006) and time-dependent (1.04 per day; 1.00-1.07; 0.014); chronic renal failure (2.81; 1.40-5.64; 0.004) and admission from home (0.44; 0.23-0.85; 0.014) were significant only for CSE controls. Subgroup analyses provided similar results. Interpretation: The main risk factors for CRE infections in hospitals with high incidence included previous colonization, urinary catheter and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics. Funding: The study was funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (https://www.imi.europa.eu/) under Grant Agreement No. 115620 (COMBACTE-CARE).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.