TextureWGAN: texture preserving WGAN with multitask regularizer for computed tomography inverse problems.

Purpose: This paper presents a deep learning (DL) based method called TextureWGAN. It is designed to preserve image texture while maintaining high pixel fidelity for computed tomography (CT) inverse problems. Over-smoothed images by postprocessing algorithms have been a well-known problem in the medical imaging industry. Therefore, our method tries to solve the over-smoothing problem without compromising pixel fidelity. Approach: The TextureWGAN extends from Wasserstein GAN (WGAN). The WGAN can create an image that looks like a genuine image. This aspect of the WGAN helps preserve image texture. However, an output image from the WGAN is not correlated to the corresponding ground truth image. To solve this problem, we introduce the multitask regularizer (MTR) to the WGAN framework to make a generated image highly correlated to the corresponding ground truth image so that the TextureWGAN can achieve high-level pixel fidelity. The MTR is capable of using multiple objective functions. In this research, we adopt a mean squared error (MSE) loss to maintain pixel fidelity. We also use a perception loss to improve the look and feel of result images. Furthermore, the regularization parameters in the MTR are trained along with generator network weights to maximize the performance of the TextureWGAN generator. Results: The proposed method was evaluated in CT image reconstruction applications in addition to super-resolution and image-denoising applications. We conducted extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations. We used PSNR and SSIM for pixel fidelity analysis and the first-order and the second-order statistical texture analysis for image texture. The results show that the TextureWGAN is more effective in preserving image texture compared with other well-known methods such as the conventional CNN and nonlocal mean filter (NLM). In addition, we demonstrate that TextureWGAN can achieve competitive pixel fidelity performance compared with CNN and NLM. The CNN with MSE loss can attain high-level pixel fidelity, but it often damages image texture. Conclusions: TextureWGAN can preserve image texture while maintaining pixel fidelity. The MTR is not only helpful to stabilize the TextureWGAN's generator training but also maximizes the generator performance.