Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36894239›Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2023

Relationship between Ketones, Ghrelin, and, Appetite on Isocaloric Diets with Varying Carbohydrate Quality and Amount: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial in People with Obesity (CARBFUNC).

Cathrine Horn Sommersten, Eirin Semb Gjerde, Johnny Laupsa-Borge, Amanda Io Andersen, Laurence Lawrence-Archer, Adrian McCann, Patrik Hansson, Ghulam S Raza, Karl Heinz Herzig, Gülen Arslan Lied and 4 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03401970 (Dietary Carbohydrate and Internal Body Fat Mass in Women and Men With Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03401970 nacompletednot on this map

Dietary Carbohydrate and Internal Body Fat Mass in Women and Men With Obesity

TypeinterventionalSponsorHaukeland University HospitalRan2018 to 2021Enrolled150ConditionsAdiposityArmsAcellular carbohydrate diet, Cellular carbohydrate diet, Low-carbohydrate high-fat diet
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Cathrine Horn SommerstenMohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Eirin Semb GjerdeMohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Johnny Laupsa-BorgeMohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Amanda Io AndersenMohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Laurence Lawrence-ArcherHormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Adrian McCannBevital AS, Bergen, Norway.
Patrik HanssonDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Ghulam S RazaResearch Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Karl Heinz HerzigResearch Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Gülen Arslan LiedMohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Catia MartinsDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation, Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Gunnar MellgrenMohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Jutta DierkesMohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Simon N DankelMohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: simon.dankel@uib.no.
University of Bergen · NOHaukeland University Hospital · NOUniversity of Oulu · FIBevital (Norway) · NOSt Olav's University Hospital · NOUiT The Arctic University of Norway · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLow-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diets may suppress the increase in appetite otherwise seen after diet-induced fat loss. However, studies of diets without severe energy restriction are lacking, and the effects of carbohydrate quality relative to quantity have not been directly compared.

objectivesTo evaluated short- (3 mo) and long-term (12 mo) changes in fasting plasma concentrations of total ghrelin, β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), and subjective feelings of appetite on 3 isocaloric eating patterns within a moderate caloric range (2000-2500 kcal/d) and with varying carbohydrate quality or quantity.

methodsWe performed a randomized controlled trial of 193 adults with obesity, comparing eating patterns based on "acellular" carbohydrate sources (e.g., flour-based whole-grain products; comparator arm), "cellular" carbohydrate sources (minimally processed foods with intact cellular structures), or LCHF principles. Outcomes were compared by an intention-to-treat analysis using constrained linear mixed modeling. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03401970.

resultsOf the 193 adults, 118 (61%) and 57 (30%) completed 3 and 12 mo of follow-up. Throughout the intervention, intakes of protein and energy were similar with all 3 eating patterns, with comparable reductions in body weight (5%-7%) and visceral fat volume (12%-17%) after 12 mo. After 3 mo, ghrelin increased significantly with the acellular (mean: 46 pg/mL; 95% CI: 11, 81) and cellular (mean: 54 pg/mL; 95% CI: 21, 88) diets but not with the LCHF diet (mean: 11 pg/mL; 95% CI: -16, 38). Although βHB increased significantly more with the LCHF diet than with the acellular diet after 3 m (mean: 0.16 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.24), this did not correspond to a significant group difference in ghrelin (unless the 2 high-carbohydrate groups were combined [mean: -39.6 pg/mL; 95% CI: -76, -3.3]). No significant between-group differences were seen in feelings of hunger.

conclusionsModestly energy-restricted isocaloric diets differing in carbohydrate cellularity and amount showed no significant differences in fasting total ghrelin or subjective hunger feelings. An increase in ketones with the LCHF diet to 0.3-0.4 mmol/L was insufficient to substantially curb increases in fasting ghrelin during fat loss.

Indexed as

AppetiteGhrelinAdultDietary CarbohydratesDiet, Fat-RestrictedEnergy IntakeHumansKetonesObesityDietary CarbohydratesGhrelinKetonesappetitedietary carbohydratesghrelinketosisobesityrandomized controlled trial

Identifiers

PMID36894239
PMCPMC10127526
OpenAlexW4313333251

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.