ArticleScientific reports2023
Seasonal trends in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and mortality in the United States and Europe.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 89 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Wearable Assisted Viral Evidence (WAVE) Study A Decentralized, Prospective Study Exploring the Relationship Between Passively-collected Data From Wearable Activity Devices and Respiratory Viral Infections
Predict + Protect: A Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring the Effectiveness of a Predictive Health Education Intervention on the Adoption of Protective Behaviors Related to Influenza-like Illness (ILI)
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of European studies published up to 22 January 2024.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of PHH-1V booster against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including omicron subvariants: Results from a phase IIb open-label extension study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Article
- Seasonal dynamics and burden of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and COVID-19 in Brazil: a national surveillance study (2019-2023).Journal of global health · 2026Observational
- Comparison of the Clinical Course of Viral Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized Patients During the 2025/2026 Season in Poland.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Cross-neutralizing antibody responses among individuals with or without bivalent vaccine: a six-month prospective cohort study.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- One Sample, Many Insights: The Epidemiological and Public Health Value of Multiplex PCR Respiratory Panels Following the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Genomic Characterization and Evolutionary Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage NB.1.8.1 in Thailand, 2025.Viruses · 2026Article
- Assessing the Impact of Timing and Coverage of United States COVID-19 Vaccination Campaigns: A Multi-Model Approach.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Emotions, preventive measures, and risk perception in post-emergency COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Italian university staff during the seasonal vaccination campaign.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Of Issue Advocates and Honest Brokers: Participation of U.S. and German scientists in COVID-19 policy disputes.Public understanding of science (Bristol, England) · 2026Article
- Etiological composition and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory infections in Hebei Province, 2023-2025.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Preemptive rapid antigen test as an emergency measure during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreaks.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Partisan differences in healthcare decision-making: Evidence from a vaccine experiment.PloS one · 2026Article
- Learning from pandemics: Feature selection and clustering for robust digital disease nowcasting.PloS one · 2026Article
- Wastewater-based epidemiology reveals spatiotemporal dynamics and diurnal temperature range effects on post-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infection burden in Chongqing, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Review
- The Impact of Meteorological Variables on Heart Failure Hospitalizations.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- Respiratory viral coinfections: interactions, mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory infections in South Korea: a nationwide surveillance study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Determining whether SARS-CoV-2 exhibits seasonality like other respiratory viruses is critical for public health planning. We evaluated whether COVID-19 rates follow a seasonal pattern using time series models. We used time series decomposition to extract the annual seasonal component of COVID-19 case, hospitalization, and mortality rates from March 2020 through December 2022 for the United States and Europe. Models were adjusted for a country-specific stringency index to account for confounding by various interventions. Despite year-round disease activity, we identified seasonal spikes in COVID-19 from approximately November through April for all outcomes and in all countries. Our results support employing annual preventative measures against SARS-CoV-2, such as administering seasonal booster vaccines in a similar timeframe as those in place for influenza. Whether certain high-risk individuals may need more than one COVID-19 vaccine booster dose each year will depend on factors like vaccine durability against severe illness and levels of year-round disease activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.