ArticleBiomaterials2023
All-natural-molecule, bioluminescent photodynamic therapy results in complete tumor regression and prevents metastasis.
Article in Biomaterials, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Light as a Weapon: Redefining Cancer Care with Photodynamic Therapy.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Dual Sensitization Enables Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy and Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Applications of bioluminescence-mediated photodynamic therapy (BL-PDT) for the treatment of deep-seated tumours.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Advancements and emerging trends in photodynamic therapy: innovations in cancer treatment and beyond.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2025Review
- Laser-Free Photosensitive Systems in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Strategies to Enhance Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy Performance of Single-Component Organic Phototherapeutic Agents.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Simultaneously Controlling Inflammation and Infection by Smart Nanomedicine Responding to the Inflammatory Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Bioluminescent Systems for Theranostic Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Molecular Basis of Organic Chemiluminescence.Biosensors · 2023Review
- System for Self-excited Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Based on the Multimodal Protein DARP-NanoLuc-SOPP3.Acta naturaeArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Self-luminescent photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained attention owing to its potential to enable effective phototherapy without the bottleneck of shallow light penetration into tissues. However, the biosafety concerns and low cytotoxic effect of self-luminescent reagents in vivo have been problems. Here, we demonstrate efficacious bioluminescence (BL)-PDT by using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) conjugates of a clinically approved photosensitizer, Chlorin e6, and a luciferase, Renilla reniformis; both derived from biocompatible, natural molecules. With over 80% biophoton utilization efficiency and membrane-fusion liposome-assisted intracellular delivery, these conjugates produce effective, targeted cancer cell killing. Specifically, in an orthotopic mouse model of 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer, BL-PDT showed strong therapeutic effects on large primary tumors and a neoadjuvant outcome in invasive tumors. Furthermore, BL-PDT resulted in complete tumor remission and prevention of metastasis for early-stage tumors. Our results demonstrate the promise of molecularly-activated, clinically viable, depth-unlimited phototherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.