ArticlePloS one2023
Students' intelligence test results after six and sixteen months of irregular schooling due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Role of Need for Cognition and Its Interaction with Fluid Intelligence in the Prediction of School Grades in Primary School Children.Journal of Intelligence · 2025Article
- Social isolation during adolescence differentially affects spatial learning in adult male and female mice.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Contact Tracing Different Age Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Study From South-West Germany.Online journal of public health informatics · 2024Article
- Crystallized Intelligence, Fluid Intelligence, and Need for Cognition: Their Longitudinal Relations in Adolescence.Journal of Intelligence · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected schooling worldwide. In many places, schools closed for weeks or months, only part of the student body could be educated at any one time, or students were taught online. Previous research discloses the relevance of schooling for the development of cognitive abilities. We therefore compared the intelligence test performance of 424 German secondary school students in Grades 7 to 9 (42% female) tested after the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., 2020 sample) to the results of two highly comparable student samples tested in 2002 (n = 1506) and 2012 (n = 197). The results revealed substantially and significantly lower intelligence test scores in the 2020 sample than in both the 2002 and 2012 samples. We retested the 2020 sample after another full school year of COVID-19-affected schooling in 2021. We found mean-level changes of typical magnitude, with no signs of catching up to previous cohorts or further declines in cognitive performance. Perceived stress during the pandemic did not affect changes in intelligence test results between the two measurements.
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