ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2023
Long-Term Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Prostate Cancer: A Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain).
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to Drinking Water Trihalomethanes and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Pooled it
- Association between essential trace elements, dietary patterns, and biological aging.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Drinking water nitrate, disinfection byproducts, and prostate cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Lifetime Swimming Pool Attendance and Cancer Risk: Findings from the Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain).Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Assessing the toxic potency of absorbed trihalomethanes in leafy vegetables: the effects of different Chlorine pretreatment.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2025Article
- Groundwater denitrification using electro-assisted autotrophic processes: exploring bacterial community dynamics in a single-chamber reactor.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Facilitating Nitrite-Derived S-Nitrosothiol Formation in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in the Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Long-term cancer and overall mortality associated with drinking water nitrate in the United States.Public health · 2024Article
- Ingested nitrate and nitrite and end-stage renal disease in licensed pesticide applicators and spouses in the Agricultural Health Study.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Surface-Water Nitrate Exposure to World Populations Has Expanded and Intensified during 1970-2010.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents: Impact and Lessons Learned.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Review
- Nitrates and Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Drinking Water Exposures Associated with Risk of Tumors.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNitrate and trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water are widespread and are potential human carcinogens.
objectiveWe evaluated the association between drinking-water exposure to nitrate and THMs and prostate cancer.
methodsDuring the period 2008-2013, 697 hospital-based incident prostate cancer cases (97 aggressive tumors) and 927 population-based controls were recruited in Spain, providing information on residential histories and type of water consumed. Average nitrate and THMs levels in drinking water were linked with lifetime water consumption to calculate waterborne ingestion. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using mixed models with recruitment area as random effect. Effect modification by tumor grade (Gleason score), age, education, lifestyle, and dietary factors was explored.
resultsMean (
conclusionsFindings suggest long-term waterborne ingested nitrate could be a risk factor of prostate cancer, particularly for aggressive tumors. High intakes of fiber, fruit/vegetables and vitamin C may lower this risk. Association with residential levels but not ingested chloroform/Br-THM may suggest inhalation and dermal routes could be relevant for prostate cancer. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11391.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.