Trial reportBMC anesthesiology2023
Cooling spray or lidocaine spray and needle insertion pain in hemodialysis patients: an open-label cross-over randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in BMC anesthesiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of the efficacy of manual pressure and local cold spray application in reducing pain caused by human anti-D immunoglobulin injection in pregnant women: a randomized controlled study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Effects of Cryotherapy and Thermotherapy Using an E-TEET on Pain, Stress, and Satisfaction Among Patients and Healthcare Providers During Intravenous Catheterization: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Combined Efficacy of Foot Reflexology and Back Massage on Pain and Fatigue in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.International journal of therapeutic massage & bodywork · 2025Article
- Comparison between Hugo point acupressure and vapocoolant spray on pain intensity during needle insertion into arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe needle insertion pain to perform hemodialysis is the main challenge and a common problem that requires pain management techniques for patients' comfort.
aimThis study aimed to compare the effects of cooling and lidocaine sprays on needle insertion pain in hemodialysis patients.
methodsIn this randomized cross-over clinical trial study, the hemodialysis patients were selected through convenience sampling according to inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to three intervention groups using the block randomization method. Each patient received three interventions in a cross-over design: Cooling spray or 10% lidocaine spray or placebo spray. There was a 2-week wash-out time between each intervention. The pain score was measured four times for each patient by the Numerical Rating Scale.
resultsForty-one hemodialysis patients were included. The results showed a significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05), so only observations of time 1 with adjustment for baseline values were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Patients receiving cooling spray reported 2.29 less pain score on average compared to placebo (B=-2.29, 95% CI: -4.17 to -0.43; p < 0.05); Also, patients receiving cooling spray reported a 1.61 lower pain score than those receiving lidocaine spray, but this difference was not statistically significant (95% CI: -0.26 to 3.48; p > 0.05).
conclusionThe cooling spray was effective in reducing the needle insertion pain. Although it was impossible to compare the pain scores at different times and following different interventions, the present study results can help supplement the existing knowledge regarding cooling and lidocaine sprays.
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