ArticleScientific reports2023
Smoking-induced subgingival dysbiosis precedes clinical signs of periodontal disease.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of menopause on clinical periodontal outcomes: a systematic review.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Pooled it
- Does Probiotic Therapy Improve Periodontal Treatment Outcomes in Smoking Patients? A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Pooled it
- Association between dental flossing frequency and oral microbiome in U.S. adults.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Periodontal and Peri-Implant Status Among Users of Different Inhaled Tobacco and Nicotine Products: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Subgingival Microbiome in Young Adult Cigarette Smokers, E-Cigarette Users, and Non-Smokers.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Smoking and Depth-Related Anaerobic Bacteria in Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions: A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Indicates Persistent Subgingival Dysbiosis After Periodontal Therapy.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Article
- Early pregnancy is characterized by a significant decrease in the diversity of the oral microbiome and strong associations with lifestyle and conception method.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- The oral-gut-brain axis: how periodontitis influence depression.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The role of smoking habits in periodontal health and disease: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- The association between periodontal disease and lung cancer: a re-evaluation of independent causal relationships in the presence of smoking as a confounder and an exploration of potential mechanisms.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Clinical and immunomicrobiome correlates of a standardized Qingpao Chushi Jiedu Fang regimen in palmoplantar pustulosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Taxonomic and functional signatures of smoking and periodontitis severity in the subgingival microbiome of older adults.npj aging · 2025Article
- Smoking-induced microbial dysbiosis: a key driver of systemic diseases and emerging therapeutic opportunities.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Signature of oral microbial dysbiosis in different periodontitis risk levels.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Microbial dysbiosis in periodontitis and peri-implantitis: pathogenesis, immune responses, and therapeutic.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Inhibition of ZDHHC16 promoted osteogenic differentiation and reduced ferroptosis of dental pulp stem cells by CREB.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Exploring the Microbiome Landscape of Dental Plaque: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Periodontal Health and Disease.Cureus · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Smoking accelerates periodontal disease and alters the subgingival microbiome. However, the relationship between smoking-associated subgingival dysbiosis and progression of periodontal disease is not well understood. Here, we sampled 233 subgingival sites longitudinally from 8 smokers and 9 non-smokers over 6-12 months, analyzing 804 subgingival plaque samples using 16 rRNA sequencing. At equal probing depths, the microbial richness and diversity of the subgingival microbiome was higher in smokers compared to non-smokers, but these differences decreased as probing depths increased. The overall subgingival microbiome of smokers differed significantly from non-smokers at equal probing depths, which was characterized by colonization of novel minority microbes and a shift in abundant members of the microbiome to resemble periodontally diseased communities enriched with pathogenic bacteria. Temporal analysis showed that microbiome in shallow sites were less stable than deeper sites, but temporal stability of the microbiome was not significantly affected by smoking status or scaling and root planing. We identified 7 taxa-Olsenella sp., Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Prevotella sp., Alloprevotella sp., and a Bacteroidales sp. that were significantly associated with progression of periodontal disease. Taken together, these results suggest that subgingival dysbiosis in smokers precedes clinical signs of periodontal disease, and support the hypothesis that smoking accelerates subgingival dysbiosis to facilitate periodontal disease progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.