Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36882249›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2023

Characterising the burden of chronic kidney disease among people with type 2 diabetes in England: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Sarah Cook, Niklas Schmedt, Julie Broughton, Philip A Kalra, Laurie A Tomlinson, Jennifer K Quint

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Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Observational
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  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sarah CookNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK sarah.cook@imperial.ac.uk.
Niklas SchmedtBayer AG, Berlin, Germany.
Julie BroughtonBayer plc, Reading, UK.
Philip A KalraDivision of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Laurie A TomlinsonDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8848-9493
Jennifer K QuintNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0149-4869

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo describe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and rates of cardiovascular and renal complications for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated in routine clinical care.

designRepeat cross-sectional study (6 monthly cross-sections) and cohort study from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019.

settingPrimary care data from English practices contributing to the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics mortality data.

participantsPatients with T2D aged >18 years, at least one year of registration data. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Primary outcome was prevalence of CKD defined as chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m

resultsThere were 574 190 eligible patients with T2D as of 1 January 2017 and 664 296 as of 31 December 2019. Estimated prevalence of CKD across the study period was stable at approximately 30%. Medication use was stable over time in people with CKD and T2D, with low use of steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (approximately 4.5% across all time points) and a low use but steady increase in use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (from 2.6% to 6.2%). Rates of all complications were higher in those with CKD at the start of the study period, with increasing rates, with increased severity of CKD, heart failure and albuminuria.

conclusionsThe burden of CKD in patients with T2D is high and associated with substantially increased rates of complications particularly in those with comorbid heart failure.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Heart FailureRenal Insufficiency, ChronicCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesEnglandHumansAdult nephrologyDIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGYDiabetic nephropathy & vascular diseaseEPIDEMIOLOGYNEPHROLOGY

Identifiers

PMID36882249
PMCPMC10008473

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.