ArticleBMJ open2023
Socioeconomic position and eye health outcomes: identifying inequality in rapid population-based surveys.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effective Cataract Surgery Coverage and Potential Influencing Factors for Adults in Fujian, Southeast of China: Fujian Eye Study.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Developmental Scores and Prevalence of Functional Difficulty Among Preschool Children in Kenya.Child: care, health and development · 2025Article
- The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness survey: Review of the methodology and protocol for the seventh version (RAAB7).Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- Factors associated with trachoma in persistently endemic setting in Southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMonitoring health outcomes disaggregated by socioeconomic position (SEP) is crucial to ensure no one is left behind in efforts to achieve universal health coverage. In eye health planning, rapid population surveys are most commonly implemented; these need an SEP measure that is feasible to collect within the constraints of a streamlined examination protocol. We aimed to assess whether each of four SEP measures identified inequality-an underserved group or socioeconomic gradient-in key eye health outcomes.
designPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.
participantsA subset of 4020 adults 50 years and older from a nationally representative sample of 9188 adults aged 35 years and older in The Gambia. OUTCOME MEASURES: Blindness (presenting visual acuity (PVA) <3/60), any vision impairment (VI) (PVA <6/12), cataract surgical coverage (CSC) and effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC) at two operable cataract thresholds (<6/12 and <6/60) analysed by one objective asset-based measure (EquityTool) and three subjective measures of relative SEP (a self-reported economic ladder question and self-reported household food adequacy and income sufficiency).
resultsSubjective household food adequacy and income sufficiency demonstrated a socioeconomic gradient (queuing pattern) in point estimates of any VI and CSC and eCSC at both operable cataract thresholds. Any VI, CSC <6/60 and eCSC <6/60 were worse among people who reported inadequate household food compared with those with just adequate food. Any VI and CSC <6/60 were worse among people who reported not enough household income compared with those with just enough income. Neither the subjective economic ladder question nor the objective asset-wealth measure demonstrated any socioeconomic gradient or pattern of inequality in any of the eye health outcomes.
conclusionWe recommend pilot-testing self-reported food adequacy and income sufficiency as SEP variables in vision and eye health surveys in other locations, including assessing the acceptability, reliability and repeatability of each question.
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