SynthesisRMD open2023
Association between type I interferon pathway activation and clinical outcomes in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic literature review informing EULAR points to consider.
Synthesis in RMD open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of children, young people and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Anifrolumab Dose Regimen Selection for a Phase 3 Trial in Lupus Nephritis.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of anifrolumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without prior immunosuppressant use: post hoc analysis of phase 3 TULIP-1 and TULIP-2 trials.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Trial
- Type I interferon blockade with anifrolumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus modulates key immunopathological pathways in a gene expression and proteomic analysis of two phase 3 trials.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Trial
- An interactive web application for exploring systemic lupus erythematosus blood transcriptomic diversity.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2024Trial
- Ultrasensitive serum interferon alpha equals interferon signatures as a marker of lupus disease activity.iScience · 2026Article
- Type I Interferonopathies: Fifteen Years On, From Concept to Therapeutic Perspectives.Current rheumatology reports · 2026Review
- Frailty phenotype, genetic risk and long-term incident systemic lupus erythematosus risk: Insights from the UK Biobank study integrated with multi-omics analysis.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Development of a noninvasive device and method for measuring immune parameters in skin disease.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Article
- Antinuclear Antibodies Predict Treatment Escalation and Biologic Switching in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Age-associated B-cells across the rheumatoid arthritis continuum: from early immunopathogenesis to comorbidities.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Type I interferon pathway activation in connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Biology of Interferon-Stimulated Genes: Mechanisms, Functions, and Clinical Implications.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis and Therapeutics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an Integrative Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Ultrasensitive quantification of serum IFN-α and IFN-γ in systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional observational study.PLoS medicine · 2025Observational
- Advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Targeting neutrophil-driven inflammation in adult-onset still's disease: molecular insights from gene expression profiles.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Interferon Response Gene Score in Juvenile Dermatomyositis.The Journal of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Article
- Profiling type I and II interferon responses reveals distinct subgroups of pediatric patients with autoinflammatory disorders.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 12 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundType I interferons (IFN-I) contribute to a broad range of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Compelling evidence suggests that the measurement of IFN-I pathway activation may have clinical value. Although several IFN-I pathway assays have been proposed, the exact clinical applications are unclear. We summarise the evidence on the potential clinical utility of assays measuring IFN-I pathway activation.
methodsA systematic literature review was conducted across three databases to evaluate the use of IFN-I assays in diagnosis and monitor disease activity, prognosis, response to treatment and responsiveness to change in several RMDs.
resultsOf 366 screened, 276 studies were selected that reported the use of assays reflecting IFN-I pathway activation for disease diagnosis (n=188), assessment of disease activity (n=122), prognosis (n=20), response to treatment (n=23) and assay responsiveness (n=59). Immunoassays, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and microarrays were reported most frequently, while systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, myositis, systemic sclerosis and primary Sjögren's syndrome were the most studied RMDs. The literature demonstrated significant heterogeneity in techniques, analytical conditions, risk of bias and application in diseases. Inadequate study designs and technical heterogeneity were the main limitations. IFN-I pathway activation was associated with disease activity and flare occurrence in SLE, but their incremental value was uncertain. IFN-I pathway activation may predict response to IFN-I targeting therapies and may predict response to different treatments.
conclusionsEvidence indicates potential clinical value of assays measuring IFN-I pathway activation in several RMDs, but assay harmonisation and clinical validation are urged. This review informs the EULAR points to consider for the measurement and reporting of IFN-I pathway assays.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.