SynthesisClinical & experimental ophthalmology
The association between keratoconus and allergic eye diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical & experimental ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The candidate proteins associated with keratoconus: A meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Update on the Physiopathology of Keratoconus.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Biomechanical assessments of high-fluence corneal cross-linking with supplemental oxygen using optical coherence elastography inJournal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Short-Term Effects of Swimming Goggle Use on Anterior Segment Parameters in Patients with Keratoconus.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The Genetic and Epigenetic Architecture of Keratoconus: Emerging Pathways and Clinical Implications.Genes · 2026Review
- Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-Up of Keratoconus Patients.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Keratoconus prevalence in astigmatic adolescents: findings from a nationwide screening setting.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Persistent Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in the Tear Fluid of Stable Keratoconus: Rethinking Clinical Quiescence.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Atopic disease and astigmatism: a population-based study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Using Artificial Intelligence for an Efficient Prediction of Outcomes of Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) in Advanced Keratoconus.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Ocular Allergy Among High School Children in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Causal Relationship Between Common Allergic Diseases and Keratoconus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction in keratoconus: Insights into ACSL4 from machine learning-based bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses and experimental validation.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Exploring New Links Among Keratoconus, Hormonal Factors, and Medications: Insights From a Case-Control Study Utilizing the All of Us Database.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Mendelian randomization reveals that abnormal lipid metabolism mediates the causal relationship between body mass index and keratoconus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Awareness of Keratoconus Among the Population of Taif City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Causal Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Keratoconus: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- [Current aspects of vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis].Die Ophthalmologie · 2024Review
- Squishy matters - Corneal mechanobiology in health and disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2024Review
- Keratoconus and inflammatory bowel disease: mendelian randomization.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate the association between keratoconus (KC) and allergic eye diseases, eye rubbing, and atopy.
methodsPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies investigating eye allergy, atopy, and eye rubbing as risk factors for KC up to April 2021. Two authors independently screened all titles and abstracts against the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study analysed the prevalence of KC and its risk factors, including eye rubbing, family history of KC, atopy, and allergic eye diseases. The National Institutes of Health Study Quality Assessment Tool was used. Pooled data are presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The analysis was conducted using RevMan version 5.4 software.
resultsThe initial search yielded 573 articles. After screening, 21 studies were identified for qualitative analysis and 15 for quantitative synthesis. A significant association was found between KC and eye rubbing (OR = 5.22, 95% CI [2.80, 9.75], p < 0.00001), family history of KC (OR = 6.67, 95% CI [4.77, 9.33], p < 0.00001), and allergies (OR = 2.21, 95% CI [1.57, 3.13], p < 0.00001). However, no significant association was found between KC and allergic eye disease (OR = 1.82, 95% CI [0.37, 8.97], p = 0.46), atopy (OR = 1.54, 95% CI [0.58, 4.09], p = 0.39), allergic rhinitis (OR = 0.85, 95% CI [0.54, 1.33], p = 0.47), smoking (OR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.76, 1.21], p = 0.73), and asthma (OR = 1.58, 95% CI [0.99, 2.53], p = 0.05).
conclusionSignificant associations were observed between KC and eye rubbing, family history, and allergy, but not with allergic eye disease, atopy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.