ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2023
Prime-Pull Immunization of Mice with a BcfA-Adjuvanted Vaccine Elicits Sustained Mucosal Immunity That Prevents SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathology.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery of CD4+ T cell-recognized B. pertussis antigens that reduce airway colonization.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Combating respiratory diseases with mucosal vaccines.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Intranasal boosting enhances genital tract T cell immunity following ChAdOx1/MVA hrHPV therapeutic vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Amplifying immune responses via a parenteral prime-intranasal boost strategy using a lipidated chitosan nanoparticle-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A BcfA-containing intranasal vaccine generated TNPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Heterologous mucosal vaccine boosting enhances mucosal and systemic immunity by distinct mechanisms.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- ID93 + GLA-3M-052-LS vaccine candidate administered by heterologous routes improves BCG efficacy against TB.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The ID93 + GLA-3M-052-LS vaccine candidate elicits mucosal and systemic immunogenicity and protective efficacy againstbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Intranasal measles virus- and mumps virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Mucosal immunotherapy targeting APC in lung disease.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2025Review
- Systemic prime mucosal boost significantly increases protective efficacy of bivalent RSV influenza viral vectored vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- DNA hypomethylation promotes the expression of CASPASE-4 which exacerbates inflammation and amyloid-β deposition in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Opposing effects of acellular and whole cell pertussis vaccines onbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The adjuvant BcfA activates antigen presenting cells through TLR4 and supports TFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Practical Considerations for Next-Generation Adjuvant Development and Translation.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Precision Vaccinology Approaches for the Development of Adjuvanted Vaccines Targeted to Distinct Vulnerable Populations.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 that induce mucosal immunity capable of preventing infection and disease remain urgently needed. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of Bordetella colonization factor A (BcfA), a novel bacteria-derived protein adjuvant, in SARS-CoV-2 spike-based prime-pull immunizations. We show that i.m. priming of mice with an aluminum hydroxide- and BcfA-adjuvanted spike subunit vaccine, followed by a BcfA-adjuvanted mucosal booster, generated Th17-polarized CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells and neutralizing Abs. Immunization with this heterologous vaccine prevented weight loss following challenge with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) and reduced viral replication in the respiratory tract. Histopathology showed a strong leukocyte and polymorphonuclear cell infiltrate without epithelial damage in mice immunized with BcfA-containing vaccines. Importantly, neutralizing Abs and tissue-resident memory T cells were maintained until 3 mo postbooster. Viral load in the nose of mice challenged with the MA10 virus at this time point was significantly reduced compared with naive challenged mice and mice immunized with an aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccine. We show that vaccines adjuvanted with alum and BcfA, delivered through a heterologous prime-pull regimen, provide sustained protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.