ArticleHuman molecular genetics2023
Nicotinamide riboside rescues dysregulated glycolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation in a human hepatic cell model of citrin deficiency.
Article in Human molecular genetics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytoplasmic NAD/H synthesis via NRK1 regulates inflammatory capacity and promotes survival of CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- Metabolomic profiling of HepG2/C3A liver-on-chip model exposed to oleic acid, palmitic acid and oleic/palmitic acids mixture.NAM journal · 2026Article
- Current Understanding of Pathogenic Mechanisms and Disease Models of Citrin Deficiency.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2025Review
- My path to citrin deficiency.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2025Review
- A crucial role of the malate aspartate shuttle in metabolic reprogramming in TNF-induced SIRS.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The therapeutic landscape of citrin deficiency.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2024Review
- Nicotinamide Riboside, a Promising Vitamin BMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Citrin deficiency (CD) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by loss-of-function of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate transporter, CITRIN, which is involved in both the urea cycle and malate-aspartate shuttle. Patients with CD develop hepatosteatosis and hyperammonemia but there is no effective therapy for CD. Currently, there are no animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human CD phenotype. Accordingly, we generated a CITRIN knockout HepG2 cell line using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas 9 genome editing technology to study metabolic and cell signaling defects in CD. CITRIN KO cells showed increased ammonia accumulation, higher cytosolic ratio of reduced versus oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and reduced glycolysis. Surprisingly, these cells showed impaired fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial activity. CITRIN KO cells also displayed increased cholesterol and bile acid metabolism resembling those observed in CD patients. Remarkably, normalizing cytosolic NADH:NAD+ ratio by nicotinamide riboside increased glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation but had no effect on the hyperammonemia suggesting the urea cycle defect was independent of the aspartate/malate shuttle defect of CD. The correction of glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism defects in CITRIN KO cells by reducing cytoplasmic NADH:NAD+ levels suggests this may be a novel strategy to treat some of the metabolic defects of CD and other mitochondrial diseases.
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