ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2023
Inpatient costs of congenital heart surgery in China: results from the National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Charitable funding of congenital heart surgery in China: A cost-effectiveness analysis from the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases.JTCVS open · 2026Article
- Anemia in children with congenital heart disease and its association with postoperative prognosis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- The trends of congenital heart defects burden in BRICS-plus from 1990 to 2021 and its projection to 2035.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Article
- Epidemiology and disease burden of pediatric congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: a national cross-sectional study of hospitalized children in China.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Article
- Economic burdens of health expenditure for multi-morbidity of older people with hypertension in China and Vietnam.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association of Maternal Dietary Habits and InfantNutrients · 2024Article
- Trend of Mortality Due to Congenital Anomalies in Children Younger Than 5 Years in Eastern China, 2012-2021: Surveillance Data Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Interaction between ozone and paternal smoking on fetal congenital heart defects among pregnant women at high risk: a multicenter maternal-fetal medicine study.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Article
- Failure to thrive in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease: a cross-sectional study of 13,256 patients.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- Study on the trend of congenital heart disease inpatient costs and its influencing factors in economically underdeveloped areas of China, 2015-2020: a case study of Gansu Province.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- How health economic studies can help improve care of patients with congenital heart disease.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Health care costs of cardiovascular disease in China: a machine learning-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- [MaternalZhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Economic data on congenital heart disease (CHD) in China are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the inpatient costs of congenital heart surgery and related healthcare policies from a hospital perspective. Method: We used data from the Chinese Database for Congenital Heart Surgery (CDCHS) to prospectively analyse the inpatient costs of congenital heart surgery from May 2018 to December 2020. The total expenditure was divided into 11 columns (medications, imaging, consumable items, surgery, medical cares, laboratory tests, therapy, examinations, medical services, accommodations, and others), and explored according to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (STAT) category, year, different age group, and CHD complexity. Authority economic data (index for gross domestic product [GDP], GDP per capita, per capita disposable income and average annual exchange rate of 2020 Chinese Yuan against US dollar) were accessed via the National Bureau of Statistics of China to better describe the burden. In addition, potential factors contributing to the costs were also investigated by using generalised linear model. Findings: All values are presented in 2020 Chinese Yuan (¥). A total of 6568 hospitalisations were enrolled. The median of overall total expenditure was ¥64,900 (≈9409 US Dollar [USD], interquartile range [IQR]: ¥35,819), with the lowest in STAT 1 (¥57,014 ≈ 8266 USD, [IQR]: ¥16,774) and the highest in STAT 5 (¥194,862 ≈ 28,251 USD, [IQR]: ¥130,010). The median costs during the 2018 to 2020 period were ¥62,014 (≈8991 USD, [IQR]: ¥32,628), ¥64,846 (≈9401 USD, [IQR]: ¥34,469) and ¥67,867 (≈9839 USD, [IQR]: ¥41,496). Regarding to age, the median costs were highest in the ≤1 month group (¥144,380 ≈ 20,932 USD, [IQR]: ¥92,584). Age, STAT category, emergency, genetic syndrome, delay sternal closure, mechanical ventilation time, and complications were significantly contributed to the inpatient costs. Interpretation: For the first time, the inpatient costs of congenital heart surgery in China are delineated in detail. According to the results, CHD treatment has achieved significant progress in China, but it still causes substantial economic burden to both families and society. In addition, ascending trend of the inpatient costs was observed during the period of 2018-2020, and the neonatal was revealed to be the most challenging group. Funding: This study was supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS,2020-I2M-C&T-A-009), Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund (2022-1-4032), and The City University of Hong Kong New Research Initiatives/Infrastructure Support from Central (APRC, 9610589).
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