ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2023
Using Item Response Times in Online Questionnaires to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Strain and recovery activities over a week predict short-term changes in processing speed measured in everyday environments: A survey response-time study in workers from a large internet panel.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Examination of Total Hours of Volunteering or Informal Helping Among Older Adults and Risk of Future Functional Disability Using Data From a Large Panel Study.The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association · 2026Article
- Early identification of cognitive impairment in older adults from Advanced Activities of Daily Living (AADL): A scoping review.Public health · 2025Article
- Digital questionnaire response time (DQRT): A ubiquitous and low-cost digital assay of cognitive processing speed.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- The added value of metadata on test completion time for the quantification of cognitive functioning in survey research.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2025Article
- Early Identification of Cognitive Impairment in Community Environments Through Modeling Subtle Inconsistencies in Questionnaire Responses: Machine Learning Model Development and Validation.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- The Understanding America Study (UAS).BMJ open · 2024Article
- Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) Is Also Relevant for Computer, Smartphone, and Tablet Use by Adults: Introducing the Brief Box Clicking Test.The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association · 2024Article
- Normative study of SATURN: a digital, self-administered, open-source cognitive assessment tool for Italians aged 50-80.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWith the increase in web-based data collection, response times (RTs) for survey items have become a readily available byproduct in most online studies. We examined whether RTs in online questionnaires can prospectively discriminate between cognitively normal respondents and those with cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND).
methodParticipants were 943 members of a nationally representative internet panel, aged 50 and older. We analyzed RTs that were passively recorded as paradata for 37 surveys (1,053 items) administered online over 6.5 years. A multilevel location-scale model derived 3 RT parameters for each survey: (1) a respondent's average RT and 2 components of intraindividual RT variability addressing (2) systematic RT adjustments and (3) unsystematic RT fluctuations. CIND status was determined at the end of the 6.5-year period.
resultsAll 3 RT parameters were significantly associated with CIND, with a combined predictive accuracy of area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0.74. Slower average RTs, smaller systematic RT adjustments, and greater unsystematic RT fluctuations prospectively predicted a greater likelihood of CIND over periods of up to 6.5, 4.5, and 1.5 years, respectively. DISCUSSION: RTs for survey items are a potential early indicator of CIND, which may enhance analyses of predictors, correlates, and consequences of cognitive impairment in online survey research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.