ArticleEye (London, England)2023
Implementation and scalability of shared care models for chronic eye disease: a realist assessment informed by health system stakeholders in Finland, the United Kingdom, and Australia.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Community Optometrist-Led Monitoring of Quiescent Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The FENETRE Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Perspectives and lessons from a community-based collaborative eye care model in Singapore.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Examining the Quality of Care Provided at Singapore's Primary Eye Care Model and Lessons Learned to Maintain Quality Care-Mixed-Methods Study.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Frailty Focus: Empowering Rural Health With Advanced Nurse Practitioners: A Discussion Paper.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Article
- Medical-nursing integrated service model in ophthalmic outpatient care for intravitreal injections: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Providing capacity in glaucoma care using trained and accredited optometrists: A qualitative evaluation.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesSeveral health systems have implemented innovative models of care which share the management of patients with chronic eye diseases between ophthalmologists and optometrists. These models have demonstrated positive outcomes for health systems including increased access for patients, service efficiency and cost-savings. This study aims to understand factors which support successful implementation and scalability of these models of care. SUBJECTS/
methodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 key health system stakeholders (clinicians, managers, administrators, policy-makers) in Finland, United Kingdom and Australia between October 2018 and February 2020. Data were analyzed using a realist framework to identify the contexts, mechanisms of action, and outcomes of sustained and emerging shared care schemes.
resultsFive key themes relating to successful implementation of shared care were identified as (1) clinician-led solutions, (2) redistributing teams, (3) building inter-disciplinary trust, (4) using evidence for buy-in, and (5) standardized care protocols. Scalability was found to be supported by (6) financial incentives, (7) integrated information systems, (8) local governance, and (9) a need for evidence of longer-term health and economic benefits.
conclusionsThe themes and program theories presented in this paper should be considered when testing and scaling shared eye care schemes to optimize benefits and promote sustainability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.