SynthesisClinical oral investigations2023
Pain profile during orthodontic levelling and alignment with fixed appliances reported in randomized trials: a systematic review with meta-analyses.
Synthesis in Clinical oral investigations, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Intraoral Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Pain Perception During Orthodontic Alignment and Leveling: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Evaluation of Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes of Laceback: A Split-Mouth Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on pain control after orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- The association between patients' personality traits and pain perception during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Full analysis of the effects of modeler liquids on the properties of direct resin-based composites: a meta-analysis review of in vitro studies.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Pooled it
- Pain profile during orthodontic levelling and alignment with fixed appliances reported in randomized trials: a systematic review with meta-analyses.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Pooled it
- Comparative Analgesic Efficacy of Diclofenac and Ketoprofen Transdermal Patches Versus Ibuprofen Tablets for Pain Control After Initial Archwire Placement in Orthodontic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Pain research & management · 2026Trial
- Does the pain experienced during orthodontic treatment and bracket removal depend on the architecture of the bracket or debonding method?European journal of orthodontics · 2024Trial
- Differences in orthodontic pain-related behavior between adolescent and adult rats.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Article
- Parental expectations and nocebo by proxy effects in adolescent orthodontic treatment outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Review
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-Bone Cell Interactions Drive Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Mechanical Loading.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Pain experience during initial alignment with self-ligating and conventional fixed orthodontic appliance system: A comparative clinical study.Journal of orthodontic science · 2026Article
- Efficacy of different interventions on the morbidity of the palatal donor area after free gingival graft and connective tissue graft: A systematic review.The Japanese dental science review · 2025Review
- Pain Perception and Dietary Impact in Fixed Orthodontic Appliances vs. Clear Aligners: An Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Pain and Tooth Movement During Orthodontic Leveling and Alignment-A Questionnaire-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Influence of orthodontic archwire (nickel-titanium versus copper-nickel-titanium) on pain in adult patients in the aligning phase of treatment with self-ligating brackets (two months of follow-up): a prospective observational pilot study.Head & face medicine · 2025Observational
- Assessment of Pain, Diet, and Analgesic Use in Orthodontic Patients: An Observational Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Patient experiences and discomfort associated with mid-palatal temporary skeletal anchorage devices.Progress in orthodontics · 2025Article
- Personality traits, pain perception, and patient attitudes toward orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Oral parafunctional behaviors, TMD pain, and headaches among patients underwent orthodontic therapy-an observational study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Selective modulation of the bone remodeling regulatory system through orthodontic tooth movement-a review.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the pain profile of patients in the levelling/alignment phase of orthodontic treatment, as reported from randomized clinical trials. MATERIALS AND
methodsFive databases were searched in September 2022 for randomized clinical trials assessing pain during levelling/alignment with a visual analogue scale (VAS). After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by subgroup/meta-regression, and certainty analyses.
resultsA total of 37 randomized trials including 2277 patients (40.3% male; mean age 17.5 years) were identified. Data indicated quick pain initiation after insertion of orthodontic appliances (n = 6; average = 12.4 mm VAS), a quick increase to a peak at day 1 (n = 29; average = 42.4 mm), and gradually daily decrease the first week until its end (n = 23; average = 9.0 mm). Every second patient reported analgesic use at least once this week (n = 8; 54.5%), with peak analgesic use at 6 h post-insertion (n = 2; 62.3%). Patients reported reduced pain in the evening compared to morning (n = 3; MD = - 3.0 mm; 95%CI = - 5.3, - 0.6; P = 0.01) and increased pain during chewing (n = 2; MD = 19.2 mm; 95% CI = 7.9, 30.4; P < 0.001) or occlusion of the back teeth (n = 2; MD = 12.4 mm; 95% CI = 1.4, 23.4; P = 0.3), while non-consistent effects were seen for patient age, sex, irregularity, or analgesic use. Subgroup analyses indicated increased pain among extraction cases and during treatment of the lower (rather than the upper) arch, while certainty around estimates was moderate to high.
conclusionsEvidence indicated a specific pain profile during orthodontic levelling/alignment, without signs of consistent patient-related influencing factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.