Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36878943›Full record

ArticleNature communications2023

Single-vat single-cure grayscale digital light processing 3D printing of materials with large property difference and high stretchability.

Liang Yue, S Macrae Montgomery, Xiaohao Sun, Luxia Yu, Yuyang Song, Tsuyoshi Nomura, Masato Tanaka, H Jerry Qi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. In Situ Characterisation of Hydrogels via Dynamic Interface Printing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  6. Wavelength-Dependent 3D Printing: Introducing 3D Printed Action Plots.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  7. Robotic Materials With Bioinspired Microstructures for High Sensitivity and Fast Actuation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. GELATO: multi-material topology optimization of programmable gel-elastomer structures.Structural and multidisciplinary optimization : journal of the International Society for Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Grayscale 4D Printing of Ferromagnetic Soft Materials.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Liang YueThe George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-9572
S Macrae MontgomeryThe George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-2827
Xiaohao SunThe George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
Luxia YuThe George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
Yuyang SongToyota Research Institute of North America, Toyota Motor North America, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Tsuyoshi NomuraToyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0004, Japan.
Masato TanakaToyota Research Institute of North America, Toyota Motor North America, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
H Jerry QiThe George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. qih@me.gatech.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-5284

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) ECCS-1542174United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF Office of Scientific Research) FA9550-20-1-0306
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multimaterial additive manufacturing has important applications in various emerging fields. However, it is very challenging due to material and printing technology limitations. Here, we present a resin design strategy that can be used for single-vat single-cure grayscale digital light processing (g-DLP) 3D printing where light intensity can locally control the conversion of monomers to form from a highly stretchable soft organogel to a stiff thermoset within in a single layer of printing. The high modulus contrast and high stretchability can be realized simultaneously in a monolithic structure at a high printing speed (z-direction height 1 mm/min). We further demonstrate that the capability can enable previously unachievable or hard-to-achieve 3D printed structures for biomimetic designs, inflatable soft robots and actuators, and soft stretchable electronics. This resin design strategy thus provides a material solution in multimaterial additive manufacture for a variety of emerging applications.

Identifiers

PMID36878943
PMCPMC9988868

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.