Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36878695›Full record

ArticleNeurology2023

Opinion & Special Articles: Examining the Hidden Curriculum of Medical School From a First-Generation Student Perspective.

Jennifer A Fokas, Robert Coukos

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. First-Generation Low-Income Individuals in Medicine: A Scoping Review.Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jennifer A FokasFrom the Department of Neurology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. jennifer.fokas@northwestern.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0315-1878
Robert CoukosFrom the Department of Neurology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.ORCID 0000-0002-7307-8293
Northwestern Memorial Hospital · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the incorporation of pass/fail outcomes into the curricula of many medical schools, a greater premium is being placed on leadership, research, and other extracurricular pursuits. These activities, as well as the cultivation of social capital, represent a "hidden curriculum" which offers significant benefits to career development that are not often explicitly stated. The hidden curriculum benefits students with generational knowledge of the medical school infrastructure and harms first-generation and/or low-income (FGLI) students, who take longer to integrate into the professional environment and experience more challenges along the way. FGLI students show increased persistence, and they offer diverse perspectives, but poor representation and lack of a clear pathway narrow their entry into several medical specialties, including neurology. As neurologists and educators, we play a role during a critical time of medical student professional development and can help bring the hidden curriculum into the light. Recognition of student backgrounds should guide policies to arm all students with knowledge to make the most of the limited timeframe of medical school. To reduce the lag phase of less enfranchised students, several effective practices can be instituted with minimal modification to existing medical school infrastructure. Efforts to support FGLI students by increasing transparency of the hidden curriculum, formalizing FGLI mentorship groups, and centralizing key information and resources will pay dividends with greater realization of promise and increased diversity and inclusion across more specialties.

Indexed as

Schools, MedicalStudents, MedicalCurriculumHumansLeadershipMentors

Identifiers

PMID36878695
PMCPMC10435066
OpenAlexW4323306390

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.