ArticleOncology2023
Serum Inflammation Parameters and Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: Importance of Albumin and Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase.
Article in Oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Gene to Enzyme: Multidimensional Decoding of the GGT Molecular Family and Its Clinical Tumor Diagnosis.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Incremental prognostic value of the systemic immune‑inflammation index, pan‑immune‑inflammation value, and modified glasgow prognostic score for severity assessment and outcome prediction in community‑acquired pneumonia.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammation Markers and HCC Aggressiveness.Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Machine Learning Prognostic Model for Post-Radical Resection Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Patients.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Prognostic Factor and Serum Biomarker Changes in Non-Surgical Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Radioembolization.Japanese journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Article
- Glutathione‑degrading enzymes in the complex landscape of tumors (Review).International journal of oncology · 2024Review
- Peripheral blood platelet counts identify prognostically diverse clinical phenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma.Annals of gastroenterology and the digestive system · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMany single and combination blood tests that reflect local or systemic inflammation have been shown to be useful prognosticators in patients with a variety of tumor types. To try to clarify, this issue in patients with nonsurgically treatable hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple serum parameters were evaluated for their relationship to survival.
methodsA prospectively collected database was interrogated of 487 patients with known hepatocellular carcinoma and documented survival and having all the inflammation parameters of interest in this study, together with baseline tumor characteristics from CT scans. Serum parameters included NLR, PLR, CRP, ESR, albumin, and GGT.
resultsAll the parameters had significant hazard ratios on Cox regression model. Combination double parameters with hazard ratios >2.0 were: ESR plus GGT, albumin plus GGT, albumin plus ESR. The triplet combination of albumin plus GGT plus ESR had a hazard ratio of 6.33. Using Harrell's concordance index (C-index), the highest inflammation-based 2-parameter prognostic score was for albumin plus GGT. When clinical characteristics of patients with high values for albumin plus low values for GGT were compared to low values for albumin plus high values for GGT (worse prognosis), statistically significant differences were found for tumor size, tumor focality, macroscopic portal vein invasion, and serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Addition of ESR did not provide additional tumor information.
conclusionThe combination of serum albumin plus GGT levels was the most prognostically useful among the inflammation parameters that were tested, and reflected significant differences in tumor aggressiveness characteristics.
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