ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2023
The heterogeneity of the homebound: A latent class analysis of a national sample of homebound older adults.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Utilization Patterns Among Heterogeneous Subgroups of Homebound Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Observational
- Identifying predictors of medication-related harm in older populations: a latent class analysis approach.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Article
- A latent class analysis of community-based rehabilitation needs among Chinese older adults: a mixed study protocol.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Demand, utilization, and supply of community smart senior care services for older people in China.Digital healthArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHomebound status is a final common pathway for people with a variety of diseases and conditions. There are 7 million homebound older adults in the United States. Despite concerns regarding their high healthcare costs and utilization and limited access to care, the unique subsets within the homebound population are understudied. Better understanding of distinct homebound groups may enable more targeted and tailored approaches to care delivery. Therefore, in a nationally representative sample of homebound older adults we used latent class analysis (LCA) to examine distinct homebound subgroups based on clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. MATERIALS AND
methodsUsing data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) 2011-2019, we identified 901 newly homebound persons (defined as never/rarely leaving home or leaving home only with assistance and/or difficulty). Sociodemographic, caregiving context, health and function, and geographic covariates were derived from NHATS via self-report. LCA was used to identify the existence of distinct subgroups within the homebound population. Indices of model fit were compared for models testing 1-5 latent classes. Association between latent class membership and 1 year mortality was examined using a logistic regression.
resultsWe identified four classes of homebound individuals differentiated by their health, function, sociodemographic characteristics, and caregiving context: (i) Resource constrained (n = 264); (ii) Multimorbid/high symptom burden (n = 216); (iii) Dementia/functionally impaired (n = 307); (iv) Older/assisted living (n = 114). One year mortality was highest among the older/assisted living subgroup (32.4%) and lowest among the resource constrained (8.2%).
conclusionsThis study identifies subgroups of homebound older adults characterized by distinct sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. These findings will support policymakers, payers, and providers in targeting and tailoring care to the needs of this growing population.
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