ArticleStroke2023
Optogenetic Spreading Depolarizations Do Not Worsen Acute Ischemic Stroke Outcome.
Article in Stroke, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spreading depolarization: A wave that precedes and drives cerebral ischemic cell death-Target for neuroprotection.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- An artefact-resilient wide bandwidth bidirectional graphene neural interface.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Initiation site of experimentally-evoked spreading depolarizations influence tissue outcomes in a murine stroke model.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Initiation site of experimentally-evoked spreading depolarizations influence tissue outcomes in a murine stroke model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Contralesional hippocampal spreading depolarization promotes functional recovery after stroke.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The link between spreading depolarization and innate immunity in the central nervous system.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Similarities in the Electrographic Patterns of Delayed Cerebral Infarction and Brain Death After Aneurysmal and Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- A dangerous liaison: Spreading depolarization and tissue acidification in cerebral ischemia.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Focal brain cooling suppresses spreading depolarization and reduces endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in rats.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Article
- Ketamine-induced prevention of SD-associated late infarct progression in experimental ischemia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Different vulnerability of fast and slow cortical oscillations to suppressive effect of spreading depolarization: state-dependent features potentially relevant to pathogenesis of migraine aura.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Repetitive spreading depolarization induces gene expression changes related to synaptic plasticity and neuroprotective pathways.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSpreading depolarizations (SDs) are believed to contribute to injury progression and worsen outcomes in focal cerebral ischemia because exogenously induced SDs have been associated with enlarged infarct volumes. However, previous studies used highly invasive methods to trigger SDs that can directly cause tissue injury (eg, topical KCl) and confound the interpretation. Here, we tested whether SDs indeed enlarge infarcts when induced via a novel, noninjurious method using optogenetics.
methodsUsing transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 in neurons (Thy1-ChR2-YFP), we induced 8 optogenetic SDs to trigger SDs noninvasively at a remote cortical location in a noninjurious manner during 1-hour distal microvascular clip or proximal an endovascular filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Laser speckle imaging was used to monitor cerebral blood flow. Infarct volumes were then quantified at 24 or 48 hours.
resultsInfarct volumes in the optogenetic SD arm did not differ from the control arm in either distal or proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion, despite a 6-fold and 4-fold higher number of SDs, respectively. Identical optogenetic illumination in wild-type mice did not affect the infarct volume. Full-field laser speckle imaging showed that optogenetic stimulation did not affect the perfusion in the peri-infarct cortex.
conclusionsAltogether, these data show that SDs induced noninvasively using optogenetics do not worsen tissue outcomes. Our findings compel a careful reexamination of the notion that SDs are causally linked to infarct expansion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.