ArticleToxicology reports2023
Exposure and carcinogenic risk assessment of trihalomethanes (THMs) for water supply consumers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Article in Toxicology reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study on the association between exposure to chlorinated disinfection byproducts and preterm birth risk.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Pooled it
- Risk assessment of trihalomethanes in drinking water with seasonal variation considerations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Multipathway health risk assessment on disinfection byproducts of drinking water in central China: a study of 15,280 samples.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Assessing the toxic potency of absorbed trihalomethanes in leafy vegetables: the effects of different Chlorine pretreatment.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2025Article
- Formation and estimated cytotoxicity of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids during ozonation of nonylphenol in bromide-containing water after chlorination process: Impact of ozonation initial pH.Toxicology reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Bromoform exposure is associated with non-melanoma skin cancer: evidence from NHANES 2011-2020.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Trihalomethanes (THMs), a class of DBPs (disinfection byproducts) that includes chloroform, bromodichloromethane (BDCM), chlorodibromomethane (CDBM), and bromoform. To the best of authors' knowledge, no study has addressed the relationship between the concentration of THMs and lifetime cancer risks (LCR) in drinking water supply system in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the lifetime cancer risks of exposure to THMs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A total of 120 duplicate water samples were collected from 21 sampling points in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The THMs were separated by a DB-5 capillary column and detected by an electron capture detector (ECD). Cancer and non-cancer risk assessments were performed. Results: The average total THMs (TTHMs)concentration in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was 76.3 μg/L. Chloroform was the most dominant THM species identified. The total cancer risk for males was higher than that for females. The average LCR for TTHMs via ingestion in drinking water in this study was unacceptably high risk Conclusions: The cancer risk of drinking water due to THMs in Addis Ababa was higher than the level recommended by the USEPA. The total LCR from the targeted THMs was higher via the three exposure routes. Males were at higher THM cancer risk than females. The hazard index (HI) indicated that the dermal route caused higher HI values than the ingestion route. It is essential to apply alternatives to chlorine, i.e., chlorine dioxide (ClO Availability of data and materials: The datasets generated for this analysis are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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